我国主流媒体冬奥会环境报道的话语实践考察——基于《人民日报》和人民网北京冬奥会报道语料库的分析

A Discourse Practice Study on the Environmental Communication of the Winter Olympics by China’s Mainstream Media——Analysis of the Corpora of the People’s Daily and People’s Daily Online Reports on the Beijing Winter Olympics

奥运环境传播场域是国家利益角逐的平台,也是重构国际话语秩序,建构传播主体性的话语场。基于此,以《人民日报》和人民网北京冬奥会环境报道为研究样本,采用语料库辅助的内容分析方法,以批判话语分析所包含的媒介呈现、媒介生产和社会实践3个维度为研究路径,考察我国主流媒体冬奥会环境报道的话语实践,并进一步挖掘其背后的话语属性和政治哲学,从国际话语秩序重构的视角揭示我国主流媒体冬奥会环境报道的价值。研究发现:1)在话语实践的媒介呈现层面上,主流媒体冬奥环境报道搭建了“国家利益”“经济发展”等6类话语框架,突破了传统环境话语的危机范式;高频主题词的选取建构了从中国到发展中国家乃至世界的多层次环境治理“共同体”。2)在话语实践的媒介生产层面上,主流媒体通过“接合”修辞构建了符合国家利益的话语符号组成的话语场;通过互文修辞完成了国家叙事。3)在话语实践的社会实践层面上,冬奥环境报道具有国家治理和公众环境理念再塑的功能。此外,主流媒体冬奥环境报道体现了国家话语的属性,体现了由西方传统的“人类中心主义”话语政治哲学向有中国特色的“生态”政治哲学的转向,是我国在国际性议题中构建传播主体性的尝试。

The field of environmental communication of the Olympic Games is an essential field for the game of interests and discourse among countries.This study uses People’s Daily and People’s Daily Online as research samples,and focuses on the media presentation,media production and social practice of the environmental discourse of the Winter Olympics in accordance with the theoretical context and approach of discourse practice.The study found that in the media presentation of environmental discourse,the mainstream media’s environmental coverage of the Winter Olympics constructed six types of discourse framework;the selection and collocation of highfrequency subject words highlighted China’s“subjectivity”and built a multi-level“community”;the absorption of 25%of foreign discourse subjects reflected the interaction and evidence of the constructive power of discourse at home and abroad.In the media production of environmental discourse,the mainstream media constructed the Winter Olympics environmental discourse field composed of discourse nodes such as“green Winter Olympics”,“national development”through“joint”rhetoric;the inter-textual rhetoric completed the national narrative of environmental reporting,and shaped the significance of environmental issues for national prosperity and national continuity through metaphors.In the social practice of the environmental discourse of the Winter Olympics,the mainstream media mobilized the consensus of national governance and social values through environmental reporting.Finally,through discourse analysis,it is proposed that its environmental discourse political philosophy is based on the“Anthropocentrism”under the capitalist system.Turning to the Marxist“ecological view”reflects the discourse nature of national discourse.