非标准产品、非正式交易与农业保险创新--政策性鱿鱼保险机制研究

Non-Standardized Products, Informal Trading Relationships and Agricultural Insurance Innovation:The Case of Policy-Based Pelagic Squid Insurance Mechanism

远洋鱿鱼产业的发展对保障粮食安全,促进海洋经济发展和维护国家海洋权益具有重要意义。然而,远洋鱿鱼产业的高质量发展面临急需解决的挑战。一方面,远洋鱿鱼捕捞和交易中存在的自然风险、市场风险和政治风险,使得捕捞企业(船东)的收入在不同年份间剧烈波动。另一方面,非标准的鱿鱼产品与非正式的鱿鱼交易关系,使得船东和买方、保险公司以及政府之间存在严重的信息不对称问题。本研究通过对舟山市远洋鱿鱼行业的深度访谈和问卷调查,提出创新型的“收入指数保险”,利用海关信息中的报关量和市场平均交易价格,解决交易信息不可得的难题,并在很大程度上缓解信息不对称问题。该保险能够有效分散捕捞企业面临的生产风险,促进远洋鱿鱼产业稳步发展。本研究探索了政策性农业保险的新模式,拓展了支持远洋鱿鱼产业发展的新型政策工具,可为其他非标准产品的保险机制设计提供借鉴。

The development of the pelagic squid industry is of great significance to guarantee food security, promote the development of the marine economy, and maintain national maritime rights and interests.However, the high-quality development of the pelagic squid industry faces challenges that need to be addressed urgently.On the one hand, there are natural, market, and political risks in pelagic squid fishing and trading, which make the income of fishing enterprises(ship owners) fluctuate drastically from year to year.On the other hand, the non-standardization of squid products and informal relationships in squid trading create serious information asymmetry problems among ship owners and buyers, insurance companies, and the government.Based on in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys of the offshore squid industry in Zhoushan City, this study proposes an innovative "income index insurance".The insurance uses the customs declaration volume and the average market price to solve the unavailability of trading information and to alleviate the information asymmetry to a large extent.Thus, the insurance can effectively disperse the market risks faced by fishing enterprises(ship owners) and promote the steady development of the offshore squid industry.This study explores a new model of policy-based agricultural insurance and expands new type policy tools to support the development of the pelagic squid industry, which can provide a reference for the design of insurance mechanisms for other non-standardized products.