抗菌肽、寡糖和有机酸复合制剂对肉鸡养分利用率、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

Effects of compound preparations of antimicrobial peptides,oligosaccharides and organic acids on nutrient utilization,slaughter performance and immune function of broilers

为了探究抗菌肽、寡糖和有机酸复合制剂对肉鸡养分利用率、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响,试验将390只1日龄科宝肉鸡随机分为对照组、抗生素组和低、中、高剂量复合制剂组,每组6个重复,每个重复13只鸡;对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加200 mg/kg恩拉霉素,低、中、高剂量复合制剂组分别在基础日粮中添加200,400,600 mg/kg抗菌肽、寡糖与有机酸复合制剂,试验期为42 d;试验结束后测定养分利用率(粗蛋白、干物质、有机物、磷、钙利用率)、屠宰性能指标(屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率)、免疫器官指数(胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数)及血清中IgA、IgG与IgM含量。结果表明:抗生素组和中、高剂量复合制剂组粗蛋白利用率显著高于对照组和低剂量复合制剂组(P<0.05),高剂量复合制剂组有机物利用率显著高于对照组和低、中剂量复合制剂组(P<0.05),抗生素组、高剂量复合制剂组钙利用率显著高于对照组和低剂量复合制剂组(P<0.05),各组间干物质利用率、磷利用率差异不显著(P>0.05);抗生素组和低、中、高剂量复合制剂组腿肌率分别比对照组提高9.7%(P<0.05)、2.6%(P>0.05)、8.9%(P<0.05)、10.4%(P<0.05),抗生素组和低、中、高剂量复合制剂组胸肌率分别比对照组显著提高10.8%、5.0%、9.1%、9.5%(P<0.05),各组间平均活重、屠体重、屠宰率、半净膛重、半净膛率、全净膛重、全净膛率、腿肌重和胸肌重差异不显著(P>0.05);抗生素组和低、中、高剂量复合制剂组胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),抗生素组和中、高剂量复合制剂组脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),抗生素组和中、高剂量复合制剂组血清IgG和IgA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组间法氏囊指数和IgM含量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明在肉鸡日粮中添600 mg/kg的抗菌肽、寡糖和有机酸复合制剂可有效提高肉鸡养分利用率、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数,增加肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白含量,改善肉鸡免疫功能。

In order to investigate the effects of compound preparations of antibacterial peptides,oligosaccharides and organic acids on nutrient utilization,slaughter performance and immune function of broilers,a total of 3901-day-old Cobalt broilers were randomly divided into control group,antibiotic group,low-dose compound preparation group,medium-dose compound preparation group and high-dose compound preparation group.There were 6 replicates in each group and 13 chickens in each replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,the antibiotic group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg engramycin,and the low,medium and high dose combination groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 200,400,600 mg/kg of antimicrobial peptides,oligosaccharides and organic acids compound preparation,respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 d.At the end of the test,nutrient utilization(crude protein,dry matter,organic matter,phosphorus and calcium utilization),slaughter performance indexes(carcass weight,half-clean bore weight,full-clean bore weight,pectoral muscle weight,leg muscle weight,slaughter rate,half-clean bore rate,full-clean bore rate,pectoral muscle rate,and leg muscle rate),immune organ indices(indexes of thymus,spleen,bursal)and serum IgA,IgG and IgM levels were measured.The results showed that crude protein utilization rate in the antibiotic group and the medium-and high-dose compound preparation groups was significantly higher than that in the control group and low-dose commpound preparation group(P<0.05),and the organic matter utilization rate in the high-dose compound preparation group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the low-and medium-dose compound preparation groups(P<0.05).The calcium utilization rate in the antibiotic group and the high-dose compound preparation group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the low-dose compound preparation groups(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in dry matter utilization rate and phosphorus utilization rate among all groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the leg muscle rate in the antibiotic group and the low-,medium-and high-dose compound preparation groups was significantly increased by 9.7%(P<0.05),2.6%(P>0.05),8.9%(P<0.05)and 10.4%(P<0.05),respectively,and the chest muscle rate in the antibiotic group and the low-,medium-and high-dose compound preparation groups was extremely increased by 10.8%,5.0%,9.1%,and 9.5%(P<0.05),respectively.There were no significant differences in average live weight,carcass weight,slaughter rate,half-clean bore weight,half-clean bore rate,full-clean bore weight,full-clean bore rate,leg muscle weight and pectoral muscle weight among all groups(P>0.05).The thymus index in the antibiotic group and the low-,medium-and high-dose compound preparation groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the spleen index in the antibiotic group and the medium-and high-dose compound preparation groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the serum IgG and IgA contents in the antibiotic group and the medium-and high-dose compound preparation groups were significantly higher that in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in bursa of bursal index and IgM content among all groups(P>0.05).The results indicated that adding 600 mg/kg of antimicrobial peptides,oligosaccharides and organic acid compound preparation to broiler diets could effectively improve nutrient utilization,slaughter performance and immune organ index of broilers,increase immunoglobulin content in broiler serum and improve immune function of broilers.