北京典型园林绿化树种释放有益挥发性有机物组成及动态变化特征

Composition and Dynamic Characteristics of Beneficial Volatile Organic Compounds Released by Typical Greening Tree Species

为了研究植物释放出的挥发性有机物(BVOCs)里含有保健和净化空气功能的特定成分及其动态变化特征,从而为园林绿化树种的选择和搭配提供科学的理论依据,以我国北京市常用8种绿化植物白皮松、油松、侧柏、桧柏、栾树、国槐、垂柳和银杏为研究对象,利用动态顶空法和GC-MS方法对不同种类的植物释放的有机物(BVOCs)成分及动态变化特征进行了为期一年的观测分析。结果显示:(1)针叶树种释放的有益BVOCs中烯烃类化合物含量约占总释放量的67.4%~81.3%,酯类、醛类、酮类、醇类以及有机酸类化合物共占比18.7%~32.6%;阔叶树种释放的有益BVOCs中烯烃类化合物占总释放量的61.4%~72.3%,醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类及其他类化合物共占约27.7%~38.6%。(2)侧柏在春季释放较多的烯烃类(15.1%)、酯类(9.01%)和醇类(18.3%)化合物,在夏季释放较多的酯类(10.01%)、醛类(12.5%)和醇类(10.2%)化合物,在秋季释放较多的醇类(10.1%)化合物。垂柳无论春夏秋哪个季节都是释放烯烃类化合物最多,春季55.1%、夏季54.3%、秋季58.2%。(3)垂柳释放的烯烃类化合物在1000达到最大值(41.3%),醇类化合物在1400达到最大值(25.3%);侧柏释放的烯烃类化合物一直增大,在1800达到最大值(78.2%),醛类化合物在1200达到最大值(22.4%),醇类化合物在1000达到最大值(20.01%)。研究结果表明:不同树种在生长季所释放的有益BVOCs组成与含量存在一定差异;侧柏和垂柳在不同季节释放的化合物种类存在显著差异;侧柏和垂柳释放的有机物存在不同的日动态变化特点。

The purpose of this paper is to study the specific components and dynamic change characteristics of health care and air purification functions contained in volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)released by plants,so as to provide a more scientific theoretical basis for the selection and collocation of landscaping tree species.Eight greening plants,Pinus bungeana,Pinus tabulaeformis,Platycladus orientalis,Sabina chinensis,Koelreuteria paniculata,Sophora japonica,Salix babylonica and Ginkgo biloba were selected as the research objects in Beijing,the composition and dynamic change characteristics of organic matter(BVOCs)released by different kinds of plants were observed and analyzed by dynamic headspace method and GC-MS for one year.The results show:(1)The content of olefins in all BVOCs released by coniferous trees is the most,accounting for 56.2%~68.4% of the total release;Alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons take the second place,accounting for 17.7%~26.3% in total;Esters,aldehydes,ketones,alcohols and organic acids accounted for 14.0%~16.1%;There is no significant difference in the amount and types of BVOCs released by broad-leaved trees.The types and contents of BVOCs released by broad-leaved trees are aromatic hydrocarbons(16.7%~30.7%),alkanes(16.6%~24.3%),olefins(15.5%~20.8%),alcohols(16.7%~17.4%)and aldehydes(10.0%~14.2%).(2)P.orientalis releases more olefins and aldehydes in spring,more alkanes,ketones and alcohols in summer,and more olefins,esters and aromatic hydrocarbons in autumn.S.babylonica releases more aromatic compounds in spring,more olefins and ketones in summer and more alkanes,esters and aldehydes in autumn.(3)The olefin compounds released from S.babylonica have significant diurnal variation,showing an upward trend,specifically in the afternoon>morning;Aromatic hydrocarbons showed a downward trend.The diurnal variation characteristics of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons released by P.orientalis are just opposite to that of S.babylonica.In conclusion:there are significant differences in the composition and content of BVOCs released by different tree species in the growing season;there were significant differences in the types of compounds released by Platycladus orientalis and S.babylonica in different seasons;the organic matter released by P.orientalis and S.babylonica has different diurnal dynamic characteristics.