临沧市8个主栽澳洲坚果品种的果仁品质分析与综合评价

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Quality of Eight Main Macadamia Cultivars in Lincang

为准确了解临沧主栽澳洲坚果品种果仁品质,建立品质综合评价模型,选用色谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对临沧市主栽的8个澳洲坚果品种开展果仁品质分析研究并通过变异分析、聚类分析、主成分因子分析和定量分析方法进行分析与评价。结果显示:(1)8个品种果仁外形整体较大,除果仁出仁率偏低外,其余主要指标与国内外与报道研究结果基本一致,K等3种有益矿物质含量相对较高,Pb等5种有害重金属元素含量均较低,具有较高的营养价值和食用价值。(2)系统聚类分析可将8个坚果品种分为果型纵径和蛋白质含量具有优势类群、重量和蔗糖含量具有优势类群、出仁率和脂肪具有优势类群;主成因子分析显示,‘农试788’等4个品种得分为正数,明显优于其它4个品种。(3)果仁含有肉豆蔻酸等8种脂肪酸,其中油酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸的含量明显较高。总体而言,临沧主栽澳洲坚果品种果仁整体表现较好,部分指标优于其他产区,果仁品质存在明显差异,具有改良空间。

In order to understand the fruit quality of macadamia nut cultivars in Lincang,a comprehensive evaluation model was established.In this study,eight macadamia varieties grown in Lincang were studied by Chromatography and ICP-MS,through variance analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and Quantitative analysis analysis.The results showed that:(1)The fruit shape of the 8 cultivars was larger,except for the low kernel rate,the other main indexes were basically consistent with the results of the studies reported at home and abroad,and the contents of 3 beneficial minerals were relatively high,the contents of Pb and other minerals are low;(2)The results of systematic cluster analysis showed that the 8 kinds of nuts could be divided into fruit type with dominant group in longitudinal diameter and protein content,fruit type with dominant group in weight and sucrose content,fruit type with dominant group in kernel yield and fat content,4 varieties,have positive scores,which are obviously better than 4 other varieties.In general,the main macadamia varieties in Lincang had better fruit quality and some indexes were better than those in other areas.There were significant differences in fruit quality and there was room for improvement.