沟谷地形对高填方拱涵涵周土压力影响研究

Influence of valley topography on earth pressure of high-fill arch culvert

沟谷地形下高填方涵洞土压力分布规律较为复杂,不同沟谷地形下涵周土压力分布规律与上埋式涵洞差异显著。为探明沟谷地形对高填方拱涵涵周土压力的影响,采用离心模型试验与数值模拟方法,建立了地形-涵洞-填土的相互作用模型,分析了不同沟谷宽度B、沟谷坡度α下的拱涵涵周土压力及涵顶土压集中系数K_(s)的分布规律,并与最新涵洞设计规范进行了对比,阐述了沟谷地形下高填方拱涵土压力形成机制。研究表明:(1)沟谷宽度B对涵顶土压力集中系数K_(s)影响显著,沟谷宽度B为4D~6D,D为拱涵的净跨径,涵顶土压力集中系数K_(s)增幅较大;(2)沟谷宽度B小于4D时,可发挥沟谷地形对涵洞的减载作用;(3)沟谷坡度α在45°~60°时,涵顶土压力及其K_(s)变化最显著;(4)填土高度为20m,α>70°时,K_(s)≤1。填土高度为40m,α>50°时,K_(s)≤1;(5)我国最新涵洞设计规范推荐的K_(s)与离心模型试验、数值模拟规律存在一定差异,当α=45°时,沟谷宽度B较小时,规范的涵顶土压力集中系数K_(s)较为保守;(6)沟谷地形下高填方拱涵K_(s)与拱顶压密区、等压面的形成有关。拱顶压密区可引起拱涵涵顶土压力集中,并引起压密区周边土体的竖向土压力呈拱形分布。在接近地表一定深度处,拱形分布逐渐向水平分布过渡,从而形成等压面。等压面上部荷载将分散于沟谷坡体,故可发挥沟谷地形的卸荷效应。

High-fill culverts placed in valley topography have a complex earth pressure distribution law due to their locations around culverts in various valley topography conditions. In order to investigate the influence of valley topography on the earth pressure around the culvert of high-fill arch culverts, a interaction model of "topography-culvert-fill" was established by using centrifugal model test and numerical simulation method. Additionally, the distribution laws of earth pressure around the arch culverts and earth pressure concentration coefficient K_(s) at the top of the culvert under different valley widths B and valley slopes α were analyzed and were compared with the latest Chinese culvert design code. Furthermore, the mechanism of earth pressure formation of high-fill arch culverts under valley topography was presented. The research findings are as follows:(1) The influence of the valley width B on the earth pressure concentration coefficient K_(s) at the top of the culvert is significant, and the increment of the earth pressure concentration coefficient K_(s) at the top of the culvert is larger when B is 4D-6D(D is the clear span of arch culvert).(2) When B is less than 4D, the topography would play the role of load reduction to the culvert.(3) With valley slopes ranging from 45° to 60°, the earth pressure at the tops and K_(s) would be affected dramatically.(4) When fill height is 20 m with α >70°, K_(s)≤1;and when 40 m fill height with α >50°, K_(s)≤1.(5) The K_(s) recommended by the latest Chinese culvert design code differs to some extent from those by centrifugal model test and numerical simulation. In the case of α =45° with a small B value, the earth pressure concentration coefficient K_(s) at the top of a culvert of the code is more conservative.(6) K_(s) of high-fill arch culvert in valley is related to the formation of arch top compaction area and isobaric surface. The arch top compaction area can cause the earth pressure concentration on the top of the arch culvert, and cause the vertical earth pressure of the soil around the compaction area to be arched. At a certain depth approaching the surface of the fill, the arch distribution gradually transits to the horizontal distribution, thus forming an isobaric surface. The upper load of the isobaric surface will be dispersed on the valley slope, so the unloading effect of the valley topography can be exerted.