基于QFD和AHP法的适老浴室柜设计研究

Design of Bathroom Cabinet Suitable for the Elderly Based on QFD and AHP Method

目的设计出符合老年人实际使用需求的浴室柜产品,更好地帮助他们完成日常起居的生活。方法以质量功能展开(QFD)理论和层次分析法(AHP)作为理论支撑,构建适老浴室柜质量屋(HOQ)设计理论模型,并以此为依据对适老浴室柜进行设计实践。首先通过实地访谈和观察法等方式,获取老年人的行为状况和需求信息,利用KJ法对需求进行聚类和精炼,得到用户需求层次化结构;然后运用AHP法计算出各层需求的权重值;最后利用HOQ理论将用户各项需求转化为适老浴室柜设计特征。结果依据设计特征得到一款最为符合老年人需求的适老浴室柜设计方案。结论该方法能够挖掘出用户最为迫切的需求,使设计出的产品更为科学与合理,更好地帮助老年人应对衰老所带来的困扰,同时对同类产品的设计研究也具有重要的参考意义。

The work aims to design a bathroom cabinet that meets the actual needs of the elderly,so as to help them better in their daily life.With Quality Function Deployment(QFD)theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method as theoretical support,a theoretical model of House of Quality(HOQ)was constructed for the design of bathroom cabinet suitable for the elderly,and the design practice of the bathroom cabinet was carried out based on this.Firstly,through field interviews and observation methods,the behavior status and need information of the elderly were obtained,and the KJ method was used to cluster and refine the needs to obtain the hierarchical structure of user needs.Then,the AHP method was used to calculate the weight value of each layer of needs.Next,the HOQ theory was adopted to convert the needs of users into the design features of the bathroom cabinet suitable for the elderly.Finally,according to the design features,a design scheme of bathroom cabinets suitable for the elderly that could meet the needs of the elderly best was obtained.This method can dig out the most urgent needs of users,make the designed products more scientific and reasonable,and better help the elderly to cope with the troubles caused by aging.At the same time,it also has important reference significance for the design and research of similar products.