果实废弃物中生物活性物质综合利用研究进展

Research Advances on Comprehensive Utilization of Bioactive Compounds in Fruit Wastes

在食用的水果或坚果中,部分种类果皮与种子所占比例较大,一般作为果实废弃物直接丢弃或简单焚烧,不仅造成资源的浪费,而且会对环境产生污染。现代研究表明果实种子富含淀粉、油脂以及抗氧化成分等,坚果的果壳可以用来生产棕色素,果皮果渣中富含膳食纤维等多种生物活性物质,应该分门别类地加以利用。根据前人的研究,详细阐述了果实废弃物在淀粉、色素、精油与食用油、抗氧化物质、膳食纤维、蛋白质等方面的提取利用,并提出了未来果实废弃物中生物活性物质综合利用关注的重点方面,为果实废弃物的深入研究和综合开发利用提供参考,真正做到物尽其用,减少环境压力,既提高果实资源的综合利用效率,同时也是提高经济效益的重要途径。

Among the edible fruits or nuts,pericarp and seed of some species account for a large proportion.Generally,it is directly discarded or simply incinerated as fruit waste.It will not only cause a waste of resources,but also pollute the environment.Modern research demonstrated fruit seeds are rich in starch,oil and antioxidants,the shell of nuts can be used to produce brown pigment,the peel and pomace contain rich dietary fiber and other bioactive substances,which should be used in different categories.In this paper,the extraction and utilization of fruit waste in starch,pigment,essential oil and edible oil,antioxidant substances,dietary fiber,protein and other aspects were elaborated in detail,and also put forward key aspects of bioactive compounds comprehensive utilization being concerned in the future,so as to provide reference for further research,comprehensive development and utilization of fruit waste,hoping to make the best use of the material and reduce environmental pressure.It not only improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of fruit resources,but also is an important way to increase economic benefits.