四川省玉米新品种主要性状分析

Analysis of Main Characters of New Maize Varieties in Sichuan Province

为了解四川省近年来育成玉米品种的基本特点,对2017—2021年四川省审定的普通玉米品种基本情况及产量、抗性、品质等主要性状进行相关分析。结果显示,2017—2021年共有293个普通玉米品种通过四川省审定,品种数量呈逐年上升趋势,第一选育单位以企业为主。参与选育的母本自交系有216个,父本自交系有206个,选配了5个以上品种的自交系有8个。产量年度间呈下降趋势,其余性状年度间变化趋势不明显。对大斑病、小斑病和茎腐病的抗性表现为“中抗”以上的品种占比均超过60.00%,对穗腐病、纹枯病和丝黑穗病表现为“感”以下的品种占比均超过59.00%。穗位高、生育期、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸变异程度较大,对穗腐病、纹枯病和丝黑穗病抗性表现较差,建议四川下一步玉米育种中,应在这些表现较差或者变异程度大的性状上下功夫,继续加大对高产、稳产、优质、多抗品种选育。

In order to understand the basic characteristics of maize varieties raised in Sichuan Province in recent years,correlation analysis was carried out on the basic situation and main characters of yield,resistance and quality of common maize varieties approved by Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021.The results showed that a total of 293 common maize varieties approved by Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021,and the number of varieties showed an increasing trend year by year.The first breeding units were mainly enterprises.There were 216 female inbred lines,206 male inbred lines and 8 inbred lines with more than 5 varieties selected.The yield showed a decreasing trend,but the change trend of other characters was not obvious.More than 60.00%of the cultivars were above medium resistance to big spot,small spot and stem rot,and more than 59.00%of the cultivars were below susceptible to ear rot,sheath blight and head smut.Ear position height,growth duration,crude protein,crude fat,lysine variation was larger.But the ear rot,sheath blight and head smut resistance performance was poorer,which suggested that we should pay more attention to the characters of great variation,and continue to increase the breeding of high-yield,stable-yield,high-quality,multi-resistance varieties.