荒漠绿洲区“三生空间”用地与生态系统服务价值的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Land Use and Ecosystem Service Value of Production-living-ecological Space in Desert-oasis Area

[目的]研究乌鲁木齐市“三生空间”用地与生态系统服务价值(ESV)的动态变化。[方法]基于乌鲁木齐市1990、2005和2018年3期遥感解译数据,建立“三生空间”分类体系,从面积与功能值方面进行分析,再利用基尼系数、空间异质系数、社会经济调整系数、资源稀缺系数构建适用于研究区的ESV模型,分析乌鲁木齐市1990—2018年“三生空间”及ESV的时空动态变化。[结果]1990—2018年生产空间面积表现为先增长后减少的态势,累计减少16.62 hm 2;生活空间面积呈不断增长趋势,主要源于生产空间优质耕地的转移;生态空间面积呈不断减少的趋势,29年间共减少了396.65 hm 2。生产空间功能总值处于增长的状态,变化幅度小,增幅17.38%;生活空间功能总值呈不断增长的趋势,2018年的功能总值是1990年的2.8倍;而生态空间功能总值为减少状态,减幅4.04%。乌鲁木齐市生产空间1990—2005年分布差距大,2018年才得以改善;生活空间分布差距悬殊;生态空间分布绝对均衡。29年间乌鲁木齐市ESV呈显著时空变化,草地、冰川雪地等高生态价值区域呈萎缩趋势,ESV损失共计2354.00万元,水文调节与气体调节生态价值量锐减。[结论]研究结果对研究区科学规划三类用地、优化生态安全格局及推行生态文明建设具有重要参考意义。

[Objective]To study the dynamic changes of land use and ecosystem service value(ESV)of production-living-ecological space in Urumqi.[Method]Based on the three periods of remote sensing interpretation data in Urumqi in 1990,2005 and 2018,a classification system of production-living-ecological space was established,which was analyzed from the aspects of area and function value.Then,the Gini coefficient,spatial heterogeneity coefficient,socio-economic adjustment coefficient and resource scarcity coefficient were used to build an ESV model suitable for the study area,and the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of land use and ESV in Urumqi during 1990-2018 were analyzed.[Result]The area of production space from 1990 to 2018 increased first and then decreased,with a cumulative decrease of 16.62 hm 2;the area of living space showed a continuous growth trend,mainly due to the transfer of high-quality farmland in production space;the area of ecological space showed a continuous increase trend,a total of 396.65 hm 2 has been reduced in 28 years.The total function value of the production space was in a state of growth,an increase of 17.38%;the total function value of the living space was showing a continuous growth trend,and the total value of functions in 2018 was 2.8 times that in 1990;and the total function value of ecological space was in a declining state,with a decrease of 4.04%.The distribution gap of production space in Urumqi was large from 1990 to 2005,and it was improved in 2018;the distribution of living space was very different;the ecological space distribution was absolutely balanced.During the past 29 years,the ESV of Urumqi City showed significant temporal and spatial changes,and areas with high ecological value such as grasslands,glaciers and snow fields showed a shrinking trend.The loss of ESV totaled 23.5400 million yuan,and the ecological value of hydrological regulation and gas regulation decreased sharply.[Conclusion]The research results have important reference significance for the scientific planning of the three types of land in the study area,optimizing the ecological security pattern and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.