代谢工程改造微生物固定二氧化碳研究进展

Progress in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for CO_(2) fixation

微生物固定CO_(2)是实现CO_(2)资源化利用的有效策略之一,为固碳减排、节能生产与绿色合成提供了借鉴。然而,微生物在固定CO_(2)过程中存在底物利用效率低、能量需求量大、路径难优化等问题。为了解决这些问题,本文总结了6种天然CO_(2)固定途径与5种人工CO_(2)固定途径,并从自养微生物、异养微生物和人工微生物三个方面系统分析了代谢工程改造微生物固定CO_(2)合成化学品的最新进展。在自养微生物固定CO_(2)方面,采用的策略主要包括提高CO_(2)固定途径效率、开发能量捕集系统与调节碳代谢流分布;在异养微生物固定CO_(2)方面,常用的方法主要有强化羧化途径、重构CO_(2)固定途径与优化能量供给;在人工微生物固定CO_(2)方面,主要的研究思路是设计人工CO_(2)固定途径与构建人工CO_(2)固定微生物。最后,从CO_(2)固定的关键酶、途径和微生物三方面展望了进一步提高CO_(2)固定效率的发展方向。

Microbial CO_(2)fixation is one of the effective strategies to realize CO_(2)resource utilization,which provides a reference for carbon abatement,energy-saving production and green synthesis.However,there are problems in microbial CO_(2)fixation process,such as insufficient CO_(2)utilization rate,high energy demand,and difficult pathway optimization.In order to solve these problems,this paper summarizes six natural CO_(2)fixation pathways and five artificial CO_(2)fixation pathways,and systematically analyzes the latest progress of metabolic engineering of microorganisms for CO_(2)fixation from three aspects:autotrophic microorganisms,heterotrophic microorganisms and artificial microorganisms.For CO_(2)fixation by autotrophic microorganisms,the main strategies include improving the efficiency of CO_(2)fixation pathways,developing energy capture systems,and regulating the distribution of carbon metabolism.For CO_(2)fixation by heterotrophic microorganisms,the main methods include strengthening the carboxylation pathway,remodeling the CO_(2)fixation pathway,and optimizing the energy supply.For CO_(2)fixation by artificial microorganisms,the main research ideas include the design of artificial CO_(2)fixation pathways and the construction of artificial CO_(2)fixation microorganisms.Finally,we further prospect the development direction of improving CO_(2)fixation efficiency by engineering key enzymes,pathways and microorganisms.