吸收-微藻法固定燃气电厂低浓度CO_(2)同步产油技术研究进展

Research progress on absorption-microalgae fixation of low concentration CO_(2) and synchronous oil production in gas power plant

燃气电厂利用稳定、清洁的化石能源发电,在“双碳”背景下发电过程产生的低浓度CO_(2)的捕集和资源化利用,对于实现碳中和至关重要。针对低浓度CO_(2)捕集难度大、脱附费用高的问题,利用CO_(2)吸收液同步培养微藻产油提供了一种实现低浓度CO_(2)捕集与资源化利用于一体的新途径。具有高CO_(2)捕集能力和同时快速培养微藻能力的吸收液是溶液设计和配制的决定性因素。本文总结了现有吸收液的应用现状,梳理出复合吸收液耦合微藻营养调控的碳捕集发展前景,其中吸收液的碱度和盐度对微藻同化CO_(2)具有显著影响。讨论了在不同温度和光照的工艺条件对微藻生物转化CO_(2)的影响,阐述了CO_(2)气体以微孔鼓泡和气升导流的方式通入反应器对CO_(2)捕集和微藻生长的不同效果。从促进微藻吸收CO_(2)同步产油的角度,介绍了藻种诱变驯化和基因改造以提升环境适应性同时增强脂质生产的研究进展,最后通过经济分析展望了规模化应用吸收-微藻法的经济可行性。与传统的CO_(2)吸收和微藻固定方法相比,吸收-微藻法一体化复合工艺可以成为从燃气电厂中捕获CO_(2)具有竞争力的替代方案。

Gas power plants use stable and clean fossil energy to generate electricity.The capture and resource utilization of low concentration CO_(2)produced in the production process under the background of double carbon are very important for carbon neutralization.In view of the difficulty of low concentration CO_(2)capture and high desorption cost,a new way to solve the problem of low concentration CO_(2)capture and resource utilization is provided by using CO_(2)absorbent solution to culture microalgae to produce oil.The absorbent solution with high capture capacity to CO_(2)and simultaneous fast cultivation ability to microalgae is decisive factor for the design and preparation of solution.This paper summarizes the application of the existing absorbent solution,and combs out the development prospect of carbon capture of compound absorbent solution coupled with microalgae nutrition regulation.Moreover,the alkalinity and salinity of the absorbent solution are the most significant factors affecting the CO_(2)assimilation by microalgae.The effects of different temperature and light conditions on the bioconversion of CO_(2)by microalgae are discussed.The different effects of CO_(2)gas flowing into the reactor by means of microporous bubbling and airlift diversion on CO_(2)capture and microalgae growth are described.From the perspective of promoting CO_(2)absorption and simultaneously producing oil by microalgae,the progress of algal species mutation,acclimatization,and genetic modification is introduced.In addition,the economic viability of absorption-microalgae method to realize carbon neutralization in gas power plant is analyzed according to case study.Compared with the traditional CO_(2)absorption and microalgae fixation methods,the integrated absorption-microalgae method provide a competitive alternative for gas power plants to achieve carbon neutralization.