金属有机框架材料纳米载体的制备及其在农药缓控释中的研究进展

Advances in preparation of metal-organic frameworks-based nanocarrier for sustained and controlled release of pesticides

乳油、可湿性粉剂等传统农药剂型存在有效成分释放不可控、持效期短、生物活性低、利用率低等缺点。近年来,纳米技术已广泛用于农业领域,而基于金属有机框架材料(MOFs)的纳米农药具有粒径小、比表面积大、黏附力强、靶向运输和可控释放等特性,为实现农药的精准施放,延长农药持效期,提高农药的利用率提供了新的解决方案。本文介绍了水热/溶剂热法、一锅法、溶胶凝胶法等常用的MOFs纳米载体制备方法,总结了MOFs纳米载体的功能化修饰策略,包括调节策略、后合成策略和复合体修饰策略,重点阐述了基于MOFs纳米复合材料对杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂的缓控释应用。最后,对MOFs纳米农药载体存在的问题和发展趋势进行了展望,以期为后续的相关研究提供参考。

Traditional pesticide formulations such as emulsifiable oil and wettable powder have the disadvantages of high toxicity,low biological activity,short duration,and low utilization rate.In recent years,nanotechnology has been widely used in the field of agriculture and nano-pesticides based on metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have the characteristics of small particle size,large specific surface area,strong adhesion,targeted transport and controlled release,which provides a new solution for realizing precise application,long duration and high utilization rate of pesticides.In this review,the hydrothermal/solvothermal,one-pot,and sol-gel methods for preparing MOFs nanocarriers are introduced,and the functional modification strategies of MOFs nanocarriers,including adjustment,postsynthesis,and complex modification are summarized.The sustained and controlled release applications of MOFs nanocomposites in fungicides,insecticides,and plant growth regulators are highlighted.Finally,the problems and development trends of pesticide nano-carriers based on MOFs are prospected to guide subsequent related research.