美陆军战斗及军事作业应激控制的理念和启示

The concept and inspiration of combat and operation stress control in U.S.Army

战斗及军事作业应激反应(combat and operation stress reaction,COSR)指军事人员在战斗或军事作业过程中暴露于应激或创伤事件中,所引起的身体、情绪、认知及行为反应。其中非适应性战斗应激反应可造成战斗及非战斗相关损伤,正确认识及防控COSR,使非适应性战斗应激反应转变为适应性战斗应激反应可提高军事人员的战训效能。美军应对战斗及军事作业应激反应有丰富的经验,值得借鉴学习。本文就美陆军对COSR概念的形成以及其控制体系建设做一详细阐述,参考美陆军《部队健康保护》条令,简述美军战斗应激控制体系的实施原则及方法。

Combat and operation stress reaction(COSR)refers to the physical,emotional,cognitive and behavioral reactions in military personnel exposed to stress or trauma events in the process of combat or military operations.Nonadaptive combat stress reaction can cause combat and non-combat related injuries.Correct understanding,prevention and control of COSR and transforming nonadaptive COSR into adaptive COSR can improve the combat training effectiveness of military personnel.The U.S.military has rich experience in coping with COSR,which is worth learning from.In this paper,the formation of the concept of COSR and the construction of its control system are described in detail,and the implementation principles and methods of the combat and operational stress control in the U.S.Army are briefly described with reference to the U.S.Army’s"Army Health Protection"doctrine.