苹果轮纹病病害名称之规范

The revision to the Chinese names of apple ring rot

苹果轮纹病(apple ring rot)为苹果重要病害,严重危害果实和枝干,甚至造成幼树枯死等。苹果轮纹病可引起果实腐烂、枝干疣突、溃疡、粗皮等症状,导致苹果轮纹病病害汉语名称使用混乱,如苹果轮纹病、苹果干腐病、苹果果实轮纹病、苹果枝干轮纹病、轮纹烂果病等。病原拉丁学名的使用亦相当混乱,葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea、贝林格葡萄座腔菌B.berengeriana、贝林格葡萄座腔菌梨生专化型B.berengeriana f.sp.pyricola、七叶树壳梭孢Fusicoccum aesculi、锹冢大茎点霉Macrophoma kuwatsukai、梨生囊孢Physalospora pyricola和梨生球座菌Guignardia pyricola等学名都在被使用。本文根据近些年来国内外的研究新进展,认为苹果轮纹病是一类复合病害,与欧美国家发生的白腐病为同一种病害,其病原包括葡萄座腔菌B.dothidea和锹冢葡萄座腔菌B.kuwatsukai。建议将该复合病害汉语统称为苹果轮纹病,英文采用apple ring rot。鉴于两种病原在我国苹果产区的普发性,建议在病害发生规律及抗病育种等研究中,对于葡萄座腔菌和锹冢葡萄座腔菌均需充分重视。

Apple ring rot is a devastating disease on apple tree,which severely damages fruits and trunks,and even leads to young tree death.Apple ring spot causes various symptoms such as fruit rot,canker,and warts.Various disease names in Chinese including apple ring rot,apple Botryosphaeria canker,apple fruit ring rot,and apple trunk ring rot have been used;moreover,various Latin scientific names of the pathogen such as Botryosphaeria dothidea,B.berengeriana,B.berengeriana f.sp.pyricola,Fusicoccum aesculi,Macrophoma kuwatsukai,Physalospora pyricola and Guignardia pyricola have been used in literatures.The various disease names in Chinese and pathogen Latin scientific names have generated significant confusions in China.The current review summarizes domestic and international research progresses on the etiology of apple ring rot.We propose that apple ring rot is a complex disease equivalent to white rot reported in Europe and US,with the causing pathogen including B.dothidea and B.kuwatsukai.Thus,it was suggested that“pingguo lunwenbing”should be used as the Chinese disease name,corresponding to“apple ring rot”as the English name.Both B.dothidea and B.kuwatsukai occur commonly in orchards in main apple production regions in China,and great importance should be attached to disease epidemic study and disease resistance breeding.