大型担子菌中二萜化合物生物合成研究进展

Research progress of the biosynthesis of diterpenoids in macro-basidiomycetes

大型担子菌分布广泛,种类繁多,它们是重要的食药用资源的宝库。萜类化合物是其主要活性成分之一,包括倍半萜、二萜和三萜等,这些化合物具有预防、缓解或治疗癌症、抑郁症、糖尿病和高脂血症等多种疾病的功效。目前,从担子菌中分离出的二萜类化合物基本骨架结构特征主要为鸟巢烷(cyathanes)型、截短侧耳素(pleuromutilins)型、guanacastanes型、海松烷(pimaranes)型、松香烷(abietanes)型和毛皮伞烷(crinipellins)型6大类型。本文综述了担子菌中二萜类化合物的结构特点、生物活性和生物合成的研究进展,对参与担子菌中二萜化合物生物合成的二萜合成酶进行了分类,对两种重要的二萜化合物生物合成途径进行了系统总结和论述。本文将为未知二萜化合物生物合成途径及关键基因功能解析提供参考。

Macro-basidiomycetes are widely distributed and diverse.They are not only important food resources,but also a treasure of medicinal resources.Terpenoids are one of the main active ingredients found in the fruiting bodies of macrobasidiomycetes,including sesquiterpenes,diterpenes,triterpenes,etc.These compounds have effects of preventing,relieving or treating cancer,depression,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and other diseases.At present,the basic backbone structure characteristics of diterpenoids isolated from basidiomycetes can be divided into six types:cyathanes,pleuromutilins,guanacastanes,pimaranes,abietanes,and crinipellins.In this review,the structural characteristics,biological activities,and biosynthesis of diterpenoids in basidiomycetes were summarized.Diterpene synthase involved in the biosynthesis of diterpenoids in basidiomycetes is classified,and two important biosynthetic pathways of diterpenoids are systematically summarized and discussed.