东北地区蒙古栎木生大型真菌物种多样性和区系特征

Species diversity and floral characteristics of wood-inhabiting macrofungi growing on Quercus mongolica in Northeast China

木生大型真菌作为木材的分解者,在维持生态系统的生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用。蒙古栎Quercus mongolica是我国东北地区主要的成林树种之一。为厘清以蒙古栎为生长基质的木生大型真菌物种组成和区系特征,本文对我国东北地区蒙古栎上的木生大型真菌物种组成、生态习性和区系特征进行比较分析。经调查共发现蒙古栎上木生大型真菌11目39科110属193种,其中优势科为多孔菌科Polyporaceae、锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae、拟层孔菌科Fomitopsidaceae、皱孔菌科Meruliaceae、斯氏菇科Steccherinaceae和木耳科Auriculariaceae,优势科的物种数占比56.99%。优势属为多孔菌属Polyporus、栓孔菌属Trametes、锈革菌属Hymenochaete、多年卧孔菌属Perenniporia和韧革菌属Stereum,优势属的物种占总物种数的15.03%。在腐朽类型方面,89.64%的木生大型真菌能够引起木材的白色腐朽,比例远远高于褐色腐朽;生长在倒木上的木生大型真菌种类最多,生长在基部的种类最少。按照区系组成,可划分为温带分布种(35.75%)、温带-亚热带分布种(33.16%)、寒带-温带分布种(12.95%)和世界广布种(6.22%)等7类,具有明显的温带区系特征。

Wood-inhabiting macrofungi as decomposers of wood play an important role in maintaining the biogeochemical cycle of the ecosystem.Quercus mongolica is one of the main tree species of natural forest and secondary forest in Northeast China.In order to clarify the species composition and flora of wood-inhabiting macrofungi on Q.mongolica,the growth substrate,species composition,ecological habits and floral characteristics of wood-inhabiting macrofungi in Northeast China were investigated and analyzed.Based on investigation and identification,193 species of wood-inhabiting macrofungi belonging to 110 genera,39 families and 11 orders were found.The dominant families were Polyporaceae,Hymenochaetaceae,Fomitopsidaceae,Meruliaceae,Steccherinaceae and Auriculariaceae,and the species in these dominant families accounted for 56.99%of the total species.The dominant genera were Polyporus,Trametes,Hymenochaete,Perenniporia and Stereum,and the species in these dominant genera accounted for 15.03%of the total species.In terms of decay types,89.64%of wood-inhabiting macrofungi cause white decay,and the proportion is distinctly higher than that of brown decay.Species on fallen trees are in the majority,and the minor species are on the base of Q.mongolica trunks.Floral composition shows that the elements of temperate,temperate-subtropical,boreal-temperate and cosmopolitan account for 35.75%,33.16%,12.95%and 6.22%respectively.The flora manifests obvious temperate characteristics.