摘要
针对大豆垄三栽培模式下播种机施肥开沟器土壤扰动影响种-肥、种-种的空间配置关系问题,设计了一种双锥环型种床整理装置。通过理论分析确定在典型东北黑壤土、含水率20%和仿形机构下拉弹簧刚度4.48 N/mm条件下,双锥环型种床整理装置关键结构参数取值范围;应用三因素三水平正交试验方法,以作业速度、收土整形环母线长度和仿形下拉弹簧预伸长量为试验因素,选择种床平整度、垄顶5 cm深度土壤坚实度变异系数、播种深度变异系数、种子横向偏移离散度和种肥间距合格率为评价指标,实施关键结构和运用参数组合优化试验及田间对比试验,结果表明:当作业速度小于等于14.4 km/h、弹簧预伸长量为90 mm、收土整形环母线长度为42 mm时,增设该种床整理装置的播种单体可以实现种床平整度达6.22 mm、垄顶5 cm深度土壤坚实度变异系数达17.39%、播种深度变异系数达13.74%、种子横向偏移离散度7.65%、种肥间距合格率达87.86%,较未设置种床整理装置播种单体的播种深度一致性和种肥间距合格率分别提高19.71%和24.26%,种子横向偏移离散度降低44.02%。研究结果为大豆垄三栽培配套高速精量播种机的研究提供了参考。
Soybean cultivation in Northeast China adopts the cultivation mode of sowing double lines on the raised-bed and deep fertilization in the middle, called “three-soybean” in raised-bed. In order to solve the problem that the soil disturbance of fertilizer-opener affects the spatial position of seed-fertilizer and seed-seed under the “three-soybean” cultivation in raised-bed mode, a type of seedbed perfect devices was designed. Through theoretical analysis, the range of the key structural parameters of the double collecting ring type seedbed perfect device was determined under the conditions of typical northeast black loam, 20% moisture content and 4.48 N/mm pull down spring stiffness of the profiling mechanism. Using the three factor and three level orthogonal experiment method, taking the operation speed, the length of the generatrix of the soil collecting ring and the pre elongation of the profiling pull-down spring as the experiment factors, and the seedbed flatness, the coefficient of variation of the soil firmness at depth of 5 cm at raised-bed top, the coefficient of variation of the sowing depth, the dispersion of the seed and the qualified rate of the spacing between the seed and fertilizer as the evaluation indicators, the optimization experiment of the key structure and the application parameters was carried out. The results showed that when the operating speed was less than or equal to 14.4 km/h, the pre-elongation of the spring was 90 mm, and the length of the generatrix of the soil collecting ring was 42 mm, the seeding-unit added with the seedbed perfect device could achieve a seedbed flatness of 6.22 mm, a variation coefficient of soil solidity of 5 cm depth at the raised-bed top of 17.39%, a variation coefficient of seeding depth of 13.74%, a dispersion degree of seed lateral displacement of 7.65%, and the qualified rate of the spacing between the seed and fertilizer of 87.86%. Compared with those without seed-bed perfect device, the qualification rate of sowing depth consistency and seed and fertilizer spacing of seeding-unit were increased by 19.71% and 24.26%, respectively, and the seed lateral offset dispersion was decreased by 44.02%. The results provided a reference for the research and development of high-speed precision seeder for “three-soybean” cultivation in raised-bed.
作者
陈海涛
张昭
王星
王业成
纪文义
薛东辉
CHEN Haitao;ZHANG Zhao;WANG Xing;WANG Yecheng;JI Wenyi;XUE Donghui(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期54-63,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000401)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04)
黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项支撑行动计划项目(2020ZX17B01-2)。
关键词
播种机
大豆垄三栽培
种床整理
土壤强制回填
正交试验
seeder planter
“three-soybean”cultivation in raised-bed
seedbed perfect
forced soil backfilling
orthogonal experiment