圆台格盘式马铃薯育种试验播种机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Potato Breeding Planter with Rotary Table Grid

针对我国马铃薯育种试验播种作业效率低,以及株距均匀性差导致的育种试验播种精确性无法满足育种要求等问题,设计了一种采用圆台格盘式排种装置的马铃薯育种试验播种机,使种薯从同一位置进行排种,从而提高株距均匀性。并以株距合格率和株距均匀性变异系数为评价指标,对种薯在排种、导种和落地后的运动状态进行了分析,得出影响上述指标的因素为拖拉机前进速度、格盘投种高度、落种口初始位置与机器前进速度方向夹角;并基于旋转回归正交试验,建立了评价指标与影响因素间的回归模型,得出试验指标最佳时的因素范围;通过田间验证试验得出当拖拉机前进速度为0.14 m/s、格盘投种高度为0.64 m、落种口初始位置与机器前进速度方向夹角为18.24°时,株距合格率为87.1%,株距均匀性变异系数为13.4%,各项性能指标均满足国家标准要求。

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency in the sowing operation of potato breeding experiments in China, and poor plant spacing uniformity, the sowing accuracy of breeding experiments cannot meet the breeding requirements. A potato breeding experiment planter was designed. The type seed metering device enabled the seed potatoes to be seeded from the same position, thereby improving the uniformity of plant spacing.Taking the qualified rate of plant spacing and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing uniformity as evaluation indicators, the movement state of seed potatoes after seeding, seed guiding and landing was analyzed. The angle between the seed height, the initial position of the seed drop and the forward speed direction of the machine was obtained;and based on the rotation regression orthogonal test, the regression model between the evaluation index and the influencing factors was established, and the factor range when the test index was optimal was obtained. The field verification test showed that when the forward speed of the tractor was 0.14 m/s, the seeding height of the grid was 0.64 m, and the angle between the initial position of the seed drop and the direction of the forward speed of the machine was 18.24°, the qualified rate of plant spacing was 87.1%, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing uniformity was 13.4%, and all performance indicators exceeded the design requirements of national standards, which improved the efficiency and quality of potato breeding experiments, and improved the precision and accuracy of potato breeding experiments.