明清汶水宗族的谱系碑刻与空间变迁

The Genealogical Inscriptions and Spatial Changes of Patriarchal Clans in the Wenshui River Basin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

在明清时期的山东汶水流域,宗族流行刻立谱系碑刻。他们围绕祖茔的认定和系谱的整理,使原有的宗族世系和族群边界明确起来,从而实现了宗族的组织化和本地化。但随着外来宗族人口规模的不断扩大,也会出现迫不得已的“离宗”现象。分离出的宗支与原来的宗族仅仅存在观念上的联结,形成所谓的“上位世系群”,而不能组成承担实际功能的地域化宗族组织。由于移民运动造成的宗族与村落关系主要有三种,即融入、占有和迁出;形成的地域宗族也相应表现为杂居型、聚居型和散居型三种。

In the Wenshui river basin of Shandong Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,genealogical inscriptions were popular among clans.Around the identification of ancestral tombs and the arrangement of genealogy,they made the original clan lineage and ethnic boundaries clear,thus realizing the organization and localization of the clan.However,with the continuous expansion of the population of foreign clans,there will also be a phenomenon of forced“separation from the clan”.The separated clans and the original clans are only connected conceptually,forming the so-called“superior lineage group”,and cannot form a regional clan organization that bears actual functions.There are mainly three kinds of relations between clans and villages caused by the migration movement,namely,integration,possession and emigration.The formed regional clans are also divided into three types:mixed type,concentrated type and scattered type.