红火蚁入侵对玉米植株上节肢动物群落的影响

Effects of Solenopsis invicta invasion on arthropod community on maize plants

在农业生态系统中,入侵性红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种贪婪的节肢动物捕食者,会不加区分地攻击害虫和有益昆虫。本文以玉米地作为研究生境,系统调查并探讨红火蚁入侵对玉米植株上节肢动物群落的影响。结果表明,红火蚁入侵使得玉米地内节肢动物的种类下降了64.7%,而减少的种类主要隶属于半翅目、鳞翅目和双翅目,并且这种负面影响主要体现在玉米生长后期。随着玉米植株上红火蚁数量的增加,相应的节肢动物群落物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数减少,生态优势度指数增加。进一步通过系统聚类分析表明,红火蚁发生区玉米植株上节肢动物类群结构在时间序列上波动较大,其入侵已显著影响了生境内节肢动物群落。

In agroecosystems, invasive red fire ant Solenopsis invicta is voracious arthropod predator that indiscriminately attack pests and beneficial insects. Here, the effect of S. invicta invasion on the arthropod community of maize plant was investigated systematically. Results found that the invasion of S. invicta reduced the arthropod species in corn fields by 64.7%, and the reduced species mainly belonged to Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. It is clear that the invasion of S. invicta has a negative impact on the diversity of arthropod communities on maize plants, which is mainly reflected in the later growth period of maize. With the increase of S. invicta density on maize plants, the species richness, diversity and evenness index of arthropod community decreased, while the Berger-Parker predominance index increased. Further systematic cluster analysis showed that the structure of arthropod groups on maize plants in the S. invicta infected areas fluctuated greatly in time series. We suggest the invasion of S. invicta has significantly affected the native arthropod community in maize field.