热处理对红火蚁工蚁的致死效果评估

Evaluation of the lethal effect of heat treatment on red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

热处理作为一种无污染、无残留、环境友好型防治措施,在红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)防控中具有广阔的应用前景。然而,目前有关热处理对红火蚁防治效果的研究相对较少,致死温度和致死时间的最佳组合仍值得进一步探究。为此,本研究在实验室条件下,采用干热(45.5、46、46.5、47、47.5、48、49、50和51℃)和热水(41、41.5、42.5、43、45、46、47和48℃)处理红火蚁工蚁0.5~5 min,记录工蚁的击倒率、及处理后12 h的存活情况。结果显示,热处理温度越高、时间越长,红火蚁工蚁的击倒率和死亡率越高。干热处理过程中,48℃高温处理4 min、49℃高温处理3 min、50或51℃高温处理2 min均可杀死100%的工蚁。采用热水处理时,45或46℃热水处理5 min、48℃热水处理2 min便可杀死全部的工蚁。因此,作为一种安全、高效的物理防治措施,热处理可用于红火蚁的有效防控。

As a pollution-free, residue-free and environment-friendly control measure, heat treatment has broad application prospects in the control of the red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). However, there are relatively few studies on the control effect of heat treatment on red imported fire ants(RIFA), and the best combination of lethal temperature and lethal time is still worth further exploring. In this study, we evaluated the lethal effect of heat(high temperature and hot water) treatment on RIFA workers through means of bioassay. RIFA workers were treated with dry heat(45.5, 46, 46.5, 47, 47.5, 48, 49, 50 and 51℃) and hot water(41, 41.5, 42.5, 43, 45, 46, 47 and 48℃) for 0.5~5 min. The thermal knockdown rate of workers and their survival 12 hours after treatment were recorded. Results indicated that the higher the heat treatment temperature and the longer the treatment duration, the higher the thermal knockdown rate and mortality of RIFA workers. Dry heat treatment at 48℃ for 4 minutes, 49℃ for 3 minutes, 50 or 51℃ for 2 minutes caused 100% mortality of workers;when hot water treatment was used, 45 or 46℃ hot water treatment for 5 minutes and 48℃ hot water treatment for 2 minutes could kill all workers. Thus, as a safe and efficient control measure, heat treatment can be used for the effective control of RIFA.