公共交通对健康城市医疗服务公平性影响研究

Public transit influence of healthy cities medical service fairness

选用城市每万人口拥有公共卫生人员数作为健康城市公共医疗资源水平的代理指标,从面向健康城市公共交通服务供给和面向公共交通服务需求2个角度来设计选取公共交通系统的解释变量指标,设计城市公共服务的加权基尼系数来衡量一座城市的财富或收入分配与完全平等的分配差距,分析梳理各种多元回归模型。在此基础上,以南京市为例,通过普通线性回归分析可得所选取公共交通指标具有较高线性相关性,进一步比较岭回归分析、LASSO回归分析和弹性网回归分析,根据EBIC准则选择弹性网回归模型,构建南京城市医疗公共服务水平加权基尼系数与公共交通回归方程,定量分析公共交通相关指标与城市医疗公共服务公平性之间的相关性和数量变化规律。结果表明,将衡量城市收入公平性的量化指标基尼系数引入城市公共交通评价是合适的;弹性网回归模型能够较好地描述公共交通分担率指标对城市公共服务公平性的影响关系;影响南京城市医疗公共服务公平性的正向指标为公交车公里分担率、机动化出行公交分担率和城市道路里程。研究成果有助于为健康城市社会公平性建设目标的实现提供理论基础和政策依据。

This paper chose the number of public health personnel per 10,000 population as the proxy index of public medical resources in healthy cities. It designed and selected the explanatory variable index of the public transport system from the supply and demand of public transportation services for a healthy city and the demand for public transportation services. The weighted Gini coefficient of urban public services was designed to measure the distribution gap between wealth or income distribution of a city and full equality. The various multiple regression models were analyzed and sorted out. On this basis, taking Nanjing as an example, through the ordinary linear regression analysis, the selected public transport indicators had a high linear correlation.Furthermore, through the comparison of ridge regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis and elastic net analysis, the elastic net model was selected according to the EBIC criterion. Then the regression equation between weighted Gini coefficient and public transport of urban medical public service level in Nanjing was constructed. The quantitative analysis of the correlation and quantitative change law between the relevant indicators of public transport and the fairness of urban medical public services had been done. The results show that it is appropriate to introduce the Gini coefficient, a quantitative indicator of urban income equity, into the evaluation of urban public transportation. The elastic network regression model can better describe the relationship between public transportation sharing rate indicators on the equity of urban public services and the positive indicators affecting the fairness of urban medical public service in Nanjing are bus kilometer sharing rate and bus motorized sharing rate.