重型破冰船电网架构研究

On Power Grid Architecture of Heavy Icebreakers

随着我国两极探索研究开发的需求增长,PC2级以上的重型破冰船开发研制已是极地战略的重要部分,配置极大功率、具有较大冗余度的推进系统是重型破冰船的一个显著特点。文中通过分析国外常规动力重型破冰船项目,发现采用电力推进系统已成为发展趋势,其综合电力系统总容量往往超过50 MW,配置多个主推进器,推进电机输出功率可达到20 MW,配置4台以上的原动机,单机功率可能超过10 MW。上述电力系统关键器件的容量等级在现有船舶上较少使用,且缺少国产配套。基于重型破冰船需求,通过分析电网电压等级,对发电机、推进电机及变频器选型等电力系统关键选型分析,结合国产配套情况,参考国外已有项目电网架构,该文提出一型重型破冰船电网架构,以方便开展后续船舶的研制工作。

The development of heavy icebreakers above PC2 class has become an important part of the polar strategy with the growth of the demand of polar exploration research and development in China. A propulsion system with great power and redundancy is a particular feature of heavy icebreakers. It is found that the electric propulsion system has become the development trend through the analysis of the foreign heavy icebreakers using conventional power. The total capacity of its integrated power system is often greater than 50 MW. The output power of the propulsion motor can reach 20 MW with multiple main thrusters, and the single engine power may exceed 10 MW with more than four prime motors. The capacity level of the above-mentioned key devices of the power system is rarely used on existing ships, with insufficient domestic supporting parts. The essential parts of the power system such as the generators, propulsion motors and frequency converters are selected by analyzing the power grid voltage level based on the demand of heavy icebreakers. Combined with the domestic supporting situations, a power grid architecture for the heavy icebreaker is proposed with reference to the existing power grid architecture in foreign countries, in order to facilitate the development of subsequent ships.