极地海冰物理和力学性质的工程应用——以南极冰上卸货为例

Engineering Applications of Sea Ice Physical and Mechanical Properties:A Case Study on Unloading Cargos on Ice in the Antarctic

我国自20世纪80年代开始极地海冰研究,在海冰的自然科学研究方面取得了丰富成果,但相关工程应用研究发展相对缓慢。随着极地航运价值的日益显现,我国愈发重视极地海冰工程性质的研究。海冰物理和力学性质是关键的海冰工程参数,决定了冰工程的合理设计和安全运维。该文利用2019年中国第36次南极考察在普里兹湾固定冰区提取的完整冰坯,在低温实验室开展了不同温度下的海冰三点弯曲试验,获得了海冰弯曲强度和有效弹性模量。文中将海冰弯曲强度、有效弹性模量与海冰孔隙率建立关系,利用弯曲强度下包络线和有效弹性模量上包络线评估了南极普里兹湾固定冰的承载力,为南极冰面卸货提供了安全保障。该研究利用海冰物理参数获取海冰力学参数,进而设计冰层承载力,为海冰工程应用提供了有益思路。

Since 1980s, China has begun to study sea ice in the polar regions, and more accumulation has been made in the natural science of the sea ice than in the relevant engineering application. The engineering properties of the sea ice are of great concern with the increasing value of polar shipping. The physical and mechanical properties are important engineering properties of the sea ice, which determine the rational design and safe operation of the ice engineering. The three-point bending tests under different temperatures are conducted in the low-temperature laboratory to measure the sea ice flexural strength and effective elastic modulus by using the complete ice block that was extracted through the whole ice thickness of the landfast sea ice in the Prydz Bay during the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The flexural strength and efective elastic modulus are correlated to the sea ice porosity. The lower envelope of the flexural strength and the upper envelope of the effective elastic modulus are used to estimate the bearing capacity of the landfast ice in the Prydz Bay,Antarctica. It can provide a safety guarantee for the unloading on ice in Antarctica. By using the physical properties of the sea ice, the mechanical properties of the sea ice are obtained to design the bearing capacity of the ice layer, which gives a new insight on the ice engineering.