石墨烯及其复合材料摩擦学研究进展

Research progress on tribology of graphene and its composites

石墨烯是一种高性能的二维纳米润滑材料,被广泛应用于摩擦学领域。本文介绍了石墨烯独特的层状结构和表面形貌赋予其优异的本征摩擦性能,包括层间滑移行为加快了非公度转变,构织石墨烯表面褶皱储存纳米粒子降低其表面摩擦系数。归纳了作为第三体介质研究其复合润滑性能存在的问题,包括团聚现象及分散性差等。重点综述了石墨烯复合润滑的研究进展,其中包括将其引入润滑体系中制备复合添加剂,发挥其与各添加相之间的协同作用;阐述了流体切削过程中石墨烯纳米粒子具有修复金属材料加工表面的功能,有效抑制了摩擦温升,降低了切削过程的摩擦系数;将其作为增强相通过溶液共混、层压烧结、氧化改性、原位聚合等成型工艺制备复合材料。概述了提高石墨烯与各组分之间协同性以及与基体材料结合强度的方法,总结了其改善材料减摩耐磨性能的作用机理。展望了石墨烯及其复合材料的未来研究趋势,并提出了仍需进一步开展的研究工作。

Graphene is a high-performance two-dimensional nano-lubricating material, which is widely used in the field of tribology. This paper introduced graphene’s unique layer structure and surface morphology, endowing it with excellent intrinsic friction properties, including interlayer slip behavior that accelerates incommensurate transitions, and textured graphene surface wrinkle storage nanoparticles reduce its surface friction coefficient. The problems existing in the composite lubrication performance as the third medium are summarized, including the phenomenon of agglomeration and poor dispersibility. This paper focuses on reviewing the research progress of graphene composite lubrication, including introducing it into the lubrication system to prepare composite additives and play its synergistic effect with each additivephase. It is expounded that graphene nanoparticles have the function of repairing the surface of metal materials in the process of fluid cutting, which can effectively suppress the friction temperature rise and reduce the friction coefficient during the cutting process. Using graphene as a reinforcing phase, the composite materials were prepared by solution blending, lamination and sintering, oxidative modification, in-situ polymerization and other molding processes. The methods to improve the synergy between graphene and the components as well as the bond strength with the matrix material are outlined, and the mechanism of improving the anti-friction and wear resistance of the material is summarized. The future research trends of graphene and its composites are prospected, and further research work is proposed.