意大利南蒂罗尔地区的双语性研究

A Study of Bilingualism in South Tyrol, Italy

南蒂罗尔地区政治上属于意大利,但在语言上却与其政治区域划分有着明显的差异,该地区讲德语的人数大大超过讲意大利语的人数。在经过多次动荡和斗争,讲德语的南蒂罗尔人在20世纪90年代初达到了一个比较令人满意的状态:在意大利国家中取得了一定的政治和社会地位。虽然仍有不尽如人意之处,但国外文献中经常将南蒂罗尔对德语群体的少数民族保护描述为目前最稳定最好的做法之一。该文通过回顾历史尝试找出该地区德语群体的特殊性,以追溯其生命力。此外,制度性双语制有助于保护少数群体,该文将讨论这种保护的基础,即语言人权和南蒂罗尔法律中德语和意大利语的平等地位,以及其在公共生活中的体现,并提及双语义务,特别是翻译和语言服务的作用。

South Tyrol belongs to Italy politically, but there is a profound difference between its language and its political regional division. The number of German speakers in this region is much higher than that of Italian speakers.After many upheavals and struggles, the German speaking people of South Tyrol reached a relatively satisfactory state in the early 1990s: they achieved a certain political and social status in the Italian nation state. Although there are still some unsatisfactory points, the protection of German speaking minorities in South Tyrol is often described as one of the most stable and best practices in foreign literature. This paper tries to find out the particularity of the German group in this area by reviewing the history, so as to trace its vitality. In addition, institutional bilingualism contributes to the protection of minorities. We will discuss the basis of such protection, that is, language human rights and the equal status of German and Italian in the South Tyrol law, as well as its embodiment in public life, and mention the bilingual obligations, especially the role of translation and language services in this regard.