冶金渣制备泡沫陶瓷的现状、问题和展望

Present situation,problems and prospect of using metallurgical slag to prepare foam ceramics

泡沫陶瓷是一种气孔率高、热稳定性好、耐酸碱的陶瓷材料。冶金渣的化学成分与泡沫陶瓷原料十分接近,适合用来制备泡沫陶瓷。本文通过分析泡沫陶瓷各种制备方法的优缺点及区别,综述几类典型冶金渣(钢渣、高炉渣、镍铁渣和赤泥)制备泡沫陶瓷的研究现状,并重点分析冶金渣制备泡沫陶瓷的主要问题。结论表明:用冶金渣可以制备气孔率高、强度适宜的泡沫陶瓷,但制品的孔径及其分布难以控制;冶金渣原料粒度、物相组成及成分对泡沫陶瓷制备过程和产品性能有很大影响;原料中Na、K、Mn、Cr等具有潜在危害的元素在制备过程中的走向和固化机理,以及制品的浸出毒性也是目前研究需要重点关注的问题。采用冶金渣制备泡沫陶瓷,可以实现废物资源化的同时保护环境,并且得到高附加值的产品,具有重要的意义。

Foam ceramic is a ceramic material with high porosity,good thermal stability and acid & alkali resistance.The chemical composition of metallurgical slag is very close to the raw materials of foam ceramics,so it is suitable for preparing foam ceramics.By analyzing the advantages,disadvantages and differences of various preparation methods of foam ceramics,the research status of using several typical metallurgical slags(steel slag,blast furnace slag,ferronickel slag and red mud) to prepare foam ceramics are listed,and the main problems of preparing foam ceramics from metallurgical slag are emphatically analyzed.The results show that the foam ceramics with high porosity and appropriate strength can be prepared by metallurgical slag,but the pore size and distribution of the products are difficult to control.The particle size,phase composition and contents of metallurgical slag raw material have great influence on the preparation process and product performance of foam ceramics.The trend and solidification mechanism of potentially harmful elements such as Na,K,Mn,Cr in raw materials during the preparation process,as well as the leaching toxicity of products,are also issues that need to be focused on at present.It is of great significance to prepare foam ceramics from metallurgical slag,which can realize waste recycling and protect the environment at the same time,and obtain high value-added products.