我国专业学位博士扩招的历程、动因及进路选择

On the History, Motivation and Approach Selection of the Enrolment Expansion of Chinese Professional Doctorate

扩招是当前我国专业学位博士教育发展的政策指向。如何对扩招进行合理论证和科学规划成为扩招政策推行过程中须明晰的前置问题。通过对我国专业博士学位发展历程梳理,可以发现:我国专业学位博士教育面临规模张力、类型张力、科类张力三重张力失衡的困境。从多元主体与专业博士学位之间的互动关系来看,双一流建设对人才资源储备的需求、师资队伍建设对学术劳动力市场供给的需求、产业结构升级对高层次研发人才的需求等多重动因推动了扩招政策的践行。基于此,扩招背景下我国未来专业学位博士教育应把握三重张力关系以合理研判扩招尺度、完善博士专业学位类别设置标准、健全博士专业学位类别设置程序、建立博士专业学位与职业资格衔接机制。

Enrollment Expansion is the current policy direction for the development of professional doctoral education in China. How to make a reasonable argument and scientific planning for the expansion has become a clear front issue in the implementing of the expansion policy. Through the development history of professional doctoral education in China, it can be found that: Chinese professional doctoral education faces the dilemma of the imbalance among scale tension, type tension, and discipline tension. From the interactive relationship between multiple subjects and professional doctoral degrees, the multiple motivations such as the demand of construction of double first-class for talent resources reserve, the demand of faculty construction for academic labor market supply, and the demand of industrial structure upgrading for high-level R&D talents, drive the practice of expansion policy. Based on this, under the background of enrollment expansion, the future professional doctoral education in China should grasp the triple tension relationship, so as to reasonably judge the scale of expansion,improve the setting standards of doctoral professional degree categories, perfect the setting procedures of doctoral professional degree categories, and establish the mechanism of articulation between doctoral professional degrees and professional qualifications.