海陆棉遗传重组技术和应用研究进展

Advances in Genetic Recombination Technology and Utilization for Gossypium barbadense L.and Gossypium hirsutum L.

海岛棉纤维品质优良,并具有抗逆性强、抗黄萎病等优点。将海岛棉的优异基因用于陆地棉的遗传改良,实现海陆棉遗传重组,一直是棉花种质资源创新和利用研究的重要课题之一。本研究对海陆棉基因组水平上的常规遗传重组杂交技术、外源海岛棉DNA导入的基因枪法和花粉管通道法、利用染色体水平上的置换系技术的方法、特点和应用进行了综述。回顾了在应对种间遗传障碍时,遗传学家及育种家进行的多种遗传重组技术策略上的尝试。通过育种家们建立的携带有海岛棉染色体基因的陆地棉背景的染色体置换系,可望筛选出能被育种家直接利用的、稳定的、综合性状好的、或具有优异特性的种质材料,以期对今后海陆棉优异种质创制和利用研究起到促进作用,进而加快棉花育种进程。

Gossypium barbadense L.,has superior cotton fiber quality,good abiotic stress tolerances,and high resistance to verticillium wilt and other biotic stress.It has always been one of the critical research subjects of germplasm improvement and utilization of Gossypium hirsutum L.by recombining exogenous DNA from G.barbadense L..The conventional genetic hybridization technology at genome level,biolistics transformation and pollen tube method for introducing exogenous G.barbadense DNA,and substitution line technology at chromosome level were reviewed.The assessment of attempts from geneticists and breeders in various genetic recombination strategies to deal with the genetic barriers of genetic recombination for these two species were conducted.Chromosome substitution line with G.hirsutum background carrying individual G.barbadense chromosome established by breeders is a prospective solution to develop stable germplasm with elite agronomy traits and/or biotic and abiotic stress tolerances,which will facilitate upland cotton germplasm innovation harboring gene resource from G.barbadense,then accelerate the cotton germplasm improvement.