黑曲霉对大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的促生作用

Effect of Aspergillus niger on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Soybean

为了探究溶磷解钾真菌黑曲霉Z8对大豆种子萌发及幼苗的促生长作用,测定了接种黑曲霉Z8后大豆种子与幼苗生物量、生理效应、土壤酶活性与土壤微生物变化。结果表明,黑曲霉Z8对大豆种子萌发率无显著影响,但可增加大豆芽的生物量,其中K3处理组总体效果较好;不同浓度菌液对大豆幼苗生物量的影响显著,当菌液浓度为1.0%时,株高、鲜质量、干质量、根长增加,且大豆幼苗叶片光合色素含量较高,此时根尖伸长区细胞体积增加,表明有最佳的生长潜力;盆栽试验的结果表明,接种黑曲霉Z8可显著提高大豆幼苗的株高(19.44%~33.47%)、根长(19.95%~33.50%)、鲜质量(26.67%~86.67%)、干质量(25.00%~87.50%)、可溶性糖(31.67%~47.83%)、可溶性蛋白(21.70%~35.86%)含量,不同处理接菌使大豆植株叶绿素(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK)、超氧化物歧化酶(T4>T3>T1>T2>CK)、过氧化氢酶(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK)、过氧化物酶(T4>T2>T3>T1>CK)含量高于对照组,同时增加了土壤蔗糖酶(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK)、脲酶(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK)、过氧化氢酶(T4>T2>T3>T1>CK)、酸性磷酸酶活性(T2>T1>T3>T4>CK)、中性磷酸酶(T2>T4>T1>T3>CK)、碱性磷酸酶(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK)含量。对土壤微生物数量均有显著的促进效果,使细菌数量增加6.03%~32.66%,真菌数量增加22.22%~62.22%,放线菌数量增加0.67%~20.32%。综上所述,T4处理组对大豆促生效果最好,黑曲霉Z8具有良好的促生功能,可作为大豆种植的生物肥料,对减少化肥应用以及可持续农业发展具有重要的意义。

In order to explore the effect of phosphorus solubilizing and potassium solubilizing fungus Aspergillus niger Z8 on soybean seed germination and seedling growth,the biomass,physiological effects,soil enzyme activity and soil microbial changes of soybean seeds and seedlings after inoculation with Aspergillus niger Z8 were measured.The results showed that Aspergillus niger Z8 had no significant effect on the germination rate of soybean seeds,but could increase the biomass of soybean sprouts,and the overall effect of K3 treatment group was better;when the concentration of bacterial solution was 1.0%,the plant height,fresh weight,dry weight and root length increased,and the content of photosynthetic pigment in soybean seedling leaves was higher.At this time,the cell volume in root tip elongation zone increased,indicating that it had the best growth potential;the results of pot experiment showed that inoculating Aspergillus niger Z8 could significantly increase the plant height(19.44%-33.47%),root length(19.95%-33.50%),fresh weight(26.67%-86.67%),dry weight(25.00%-87.50%),soluble sugar(31.67%-47.83%),soluble protein(21.70%-35.86%).The inoculation of different treatments can increase the chlorophyll(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK),superoxide dismutase(T4>T3>T1>T2>CK),catalase(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK)and peroxidase(T4>T2>T3>T1>CK)were higher than those in the control group.At the same time,soil sucrase(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK),urease(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK),catalase(T4>T2>T3>T1>CK),acid phosphatase activity(T2>T1>T3>T4>CK),neutral phosphatase(T2>T4>T1>T3>CK)and alkaline phosphatase(T4>T3>T2>T1>CK)were increased content.It had a significant promoting effect on the number of soil microorganisms,increasing the number of bacteria by 6.03%-32.66%,fungi by 22.22%-62.22%and actinomycetes by 0.67%-20.32%.In conclusion,T4 treatment group had the best promoting effect on soybean growth.Aspergillus niger Z8 had good promoting function,which can be used as a biological fertilizer for soybean planting,and is of great significance for reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and sustainable agriculture development.