玉米替代控制紫茎泽兰的应用模式研究

Controlling Effects of Ageratina adenophora by Corn Growth Replacement

为明确玉米与紫茎泽兰的种间竞争关系,探索紫茎泽兰的植物替代防控方略,继而实现粮食作物生产与杂草防控相结合。通过大田试验,研究不同耕作与紫茎泽兰割除方式及玉米种植密度等农艺栽培措施对玉米与紫茎泽兰竞争效应的影响,分析了2种植物生长、对光照和水肥的竞争能力及玉米产量与产值,以期探索紫茎泽兰的植物替代控制途径与策略。结果表明,免耕条件下,在紫茎泽兰空隙间直播玉米处理,紫茎泽兰仍为优势种群,玉米生长和产量均受到明显抑制,而刈割和拔除紫茎泽兰后直播玉米处理区的玉米转为优势种群,其对光照和水肥的竞争能力强,显著抑制紫茎泽兰的发生密度和株高及其对水肥的消耗。耕作条件下,玉米替代种植技术对紫茎泽兰的防除效果均达100%,而且玉米种植株距为25 cm时籽粒产量达到最高,平均为9774.0 kg/hm^(2)。可见,通过合理的耕作等农艺栽培措施,采用玉米替代技术可有效防控紫茎泽兰,并产生较好的生态价值,对于研发有效的综合防控外来入侵性恶性杂草紫茎泽兰的技术,具有一定理论与实践指导意义。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the inter-specific competitive interaction between Ageratina adenophora and Zea mays and to explore the methods of controlling the invasive weed A.adenophora by replacing growth of Z.mays,and then meet the combination of grain crop production and weed control.Tillage methods,cutting ways for A.adenophora and different density of Z.mays were considered.Plant height,density and competitiveness for light,nutrients(e.g.N,P,K)and water of A.adenophora and Z.mays as well as the yield and market values of Z.mays were investigated to evaluate the competition effects between A.adenophora and Z.mays.Results showed that A.adenophora was the dominant population and the growth and yield of Zea mays were inhibited when Z.mays seeds were sown between the plant gaps of A.adenophorum without tillage.However,Z.mays became the dominant population companioned with a significant competitive advantage of light and nutrients usage when Z.mays seeds were sown after cutting or removing A.adenophorum without tillage.And moreover,the growth of A.adenophorum was inhibited,and the absorbed nutrients and water were significantly reduced.The invasive weed A.adenophora was displaced completely by Zea mays within rotary tillage treatment and the yield of Z.mays reached 9774.0 kg/ha.The results indicated that through reasonable agronomic cultivation measures,the use of corn replacement could not only effectively prevent and control Eupatorium adenophorum,but also produce considerable ecological benefits.Hence,it has certain theoretical and practical significance for the research and development of effective comprehensive prevention and control technology of Eupatorium adenophorum.