干旱胁迫对葡萄主要理化指标及果实品质影响的研究进展

Effects of Drought Stress on Physicochemical Indexes and Fruit Quality of Grape

在葡萄生长发育过程中,常常面临干旱、盐、热及冷胁迫等非生物胁迫影响。其中,干旱胁迫是抑制葡萄营养生长与生殖生长最重要的非生物胁迫之一。尽管葡萄属于较为耐旱的果树作物,但我国主要葡萄栽培区域约一半地区属于干旱及半干旱气候,在这些地区干旱胁迫往往威胁到葡萄的正常生长,是制约葡萄产业发展的主要因素之一。为了保障我国葡萄的健康发展,目前,针对干旱胁迫对葡萄影响的研究、合理灌溉制度的制定、抗旱品种的选育已成为近年来的研究热点。介于干旱胁迫对葡萄较为广泛的影响,为了应对干旱胁迫,葡萄进化出了一系列调控机制来平衡干旱胁迫带来的影响,本研究首先从葡萄耗水规律分析了葡萄不同生育期对水分的需求程度,其次,分析干旱胁迫对光合作用、渗透调节、活性氧调节的影响,从生理角度探讨了干旱胁迫对葡萄主要理化指标的影响,且通过对干旱胁迫下对葡萄果实的品质与产量进行分析,综述了干旱胁迫对葡萄果实品质的影响,并对如何合理利用干旱胁迫提升葡萄品质等问题,以及进一步研究葡萄响应干旱胁迫的分子机制进行了展望。

Grapes are often subjected to various abiotic stress during their growth and development,such as drought,salt,heat or chilling,among them,drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses inhibiting vegetative and reproductive growth of grape.Although grapes are more resistant to drought stress,about half of our country′s main grape cultivation area belongs to arid and semi-arid climates,drought is one of the main factors restricting the development of our country′s grape industry.To ensure the healthy development of our country′s grape industry,the research on the effects of drought stress on grape,the formulation of rational irrigation system and the breeding of drought-resistant varieties have become the research hotspots in recent years.Due to the extensive effects of drought stress on grape,in older to cope with drought stress,grapes have evolved many regulatory mechanisms to balance the effects of drought stress in grape growth.Firstly,the water demand degree of grape in different growth period was analyzed according to the law of grape water consumption,and the effects of drought stress on main physical and chemical indexes were exhibited,including photosynthesis,osmotic regulation and reactive oxygen regulation.And then,the quality and yield of grape fruit were analyzed under drought stress,the effects of drought stress on grape fruit quality were reviewed.We give the prospect for how to use drought stress strategy to improve grape quality and how to further study the molecular mechanism of grape response to drought stress at last.