园艺植物涩味研究进展

Research Progress on Astringency of Horticultural Plants

近年来,消费者对园艺植物优良口感品质的需求明显上升。口感品质是园艺产品质量的重要组成部分,是影响消费者决策的重要因素之一,已经成为近年来研究的热点。涩味是一种主要特征为口腔内持续的收敛、皱缩、粗糙和干燥的口感,在多数园艺植物中都有体现,是影响园艺植物口感品质的重要因素。分析园艺植物涩味的物质成分及涩味的产生原理与影响因素对改善园艺植物风味口感和提升园艺产品销量具有重要意义。本研究介绍了涩味物质的种类和分布,在园艺植物中涩味物质以单宁等多酚类物质最为常见,多分布于果实的果皮和叶片中。而涩味物质与口腔唾液蛋白质发生络合和沉淀现象是涩味口感产生的原因,且不同的涩味物质与口腔内蛋白质的结合能力和程度不同导致涩感强度不同。同时,分别梳理了果树、茶和蔬菜等主要园艺植物涩味研究进展,并分析和总结了环境因子和外源化学物质对园艺植物中多酚类主要涩味物质的影响,以期为开展园艺植物涩味方面的进一步研究提供参考和依据。

Consumer demand for horticulture plants with good flavor has greatly expanded in recent years.A contemporary research hotspot,taste quality is a crucial component of the quality of agricultural goods and a significant influence on customer choice.Astringency is a type of flavor that is present in most horticulture plants and is a significant determinant of the taste quality of horticultural plants.To enhance the flavor and taste of horticulture plants and boost sales of horticultural goods,it is crucial to understand the components,principles,and influencing elements of astringency in horticultural plants.It is characterized by continual convergence,shrinkage,roughness,and dryness in the tongue.The species and distribution of astringent substances are described.The most prevalent astringent compounds in horticultural plants are tannin and other polyphenols,which are mostly found in the peel and leaves of fruits.The complex and precipitation phenomenon between astringent substances and oral salivary proteins is the cause of astringent taste,and different astringent substances have different binding ability and degree with oral proteins,resulting in different astringent intensity.At the same time,this paper combed the research progress of astringency of main horticultural plants such as fruit trees,tea and vegetables,and analyzed and summarized the influence of environmental factors and exogenous chemicals on the main astringent substances of polyphenols in horticultural plants,in order to provide reference and basis for further research on astringency of horticultural plants.