江南高等实业学堂考

A study on Jiangnan Higher Industrial School

在甲午战争中中国遭遇惨败,有识之士纷纷认识到“习兵战不如习商战”,乃至“商战”不如“学战”,从而使洋务教育偏重学习“西文”和军事技术等“西艺”的思想和做法有了调整,兴办服务于民族工商业的实业教育渐成风气。在这样的背景下,1896年“俾育人才而济实用”的江南储材学堂应运而生,开两江治下实业教育之先河。在维新运动中该校更名为江南高等学堂,在戊戌变法失败后又嬗变为江南格致学堂,在清末“新政”中于1904年改办成江南实业学堂,又于1905年升格为江南高等实业学堂,成为江苏和安徽等地实业教育的最高学府。民国以后,江南高等实业学堂以南京工业专门学校和江苏省立第一农业学校两脉延续和发展。国民政府定都南京后,随着大学区制的实施,南京工业专门学校和江苏省立第一农业学校并入国立第四中山大学。江南高等实业学堂的办学史是中国教育近代化转型的缩影。

China’sdefeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895aroused the Chinese government to learn from the West its commercial power or even academic power rather than itsmilitary power.As a results,the advocates of the westernization drive gave up their priority of the so-called“western skills”such as languages and military technology,and began to establish schools specializing industrial education in hope that it would improvethe national industry and commerce.Jiangnan Chucai School,which“aims to nurture talents and advocate practicality”,first came into being in 1896.It was renamed Jiangnan Higher School during the period of Reform Movement and was transformed into Jiangnan Gezhi Academy when the reform failed in 1898.In the“New Deal”of the late Qing Dynasty,it was re-transformed into Jiangnan Industrial School in 1904 and Jiangnan Higher Industrial School in 1905,the highest institution of its kind in Jiangsu and Anhui area.After the founding of Republic of China,it branched out into Nanjing Industrial Special School and Jiangsu Provincial No.1 Agricultural School.Later,after Nanjing was chosen as the capital of ROC,the two schools merged into the National Fourth Sun Yat-sen University.The history of this school is the epitome of China education’transitionin modern times.