印江河底栖动物群落时空分布及其与环境因子的关系

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Macrobenthos Community and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Yinjiang River

【目的】探明印江河底栖动物群落的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的关系,为印江河生态保护管理提供基础资料和科学依据。【方法】于2020年平水期(4月)和丰水期(8月)对印江河泉水鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区核心区及实验区共12个位点的底栖动物调查采样并鉴定,采用主成成分分析方法,分析底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。【结果】2次共采集到大型底栖动物91属(种),其中,平水期74属(种),丰水期46属(种)。不同采样位点底栖动物的种类、生物量和密度具有明显的空间异质性,平水期的种类、生物量和密度普遍高于丰水期;平水期和丰水期优势种均以蜉蝣目种类为主。平水期总磷(TP)、丰水期溶解氧(DO)是影响底栖动物群落种类组成分布的主要环境因子。【结论】印江河底栖动物的种类、生物量、密度、多样性指数及丰富度指数平水期均高于丰水期;TP和DO分别是平水期和丰水期影响底栖动物群落种类组成的主要环境因子。

【Objective】The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of macrobenthos community and its relationship with environmental factors in Yinjiang River are explored to provide the basic data and scientific basis for the ecological protection and management of Yinjiang River.【Method】The macrobenthos in 12 sites of core areas and experimental areas in national aquatic germplasm resources reserve of Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus in Yinjiang River are investigated and identified in dry period(April) and flood period(August) in 2020,and then the principal components analysis is adopted to analyze the macrobenthos community structure and its relationship with environmental factors.【Result】A total of 91 genera(species) macrobenthos are collected in two times.Among them,there are 74 genera(species) in dry period and 46 genera(species) in flood period.The kind,biomass and density of macrobenthos from different sites have obvious spatial heterogeneity.The kind,biomass and density in dry period are all higher than those in flood period.The dominant species in dry period and flood period are mainly Ephemeroptera.Total phosphorus in dry period and dissolved oxygen in flood period are the main environmental factors affecting the composition and distribution of macrobenthos community.【Conclusion】The kind,biomass,density,diversity index and richness index of macrobenthos in Yinjiang River in dry period are higher than those in flood period.Total phosphorous(TP) in dry period and dissolved oxygen(DO) in flood period are the main environmental factors affecting the composition and distribution of macrobenthos community.