“兰格体制”下美国情报分析模式研究——基于二战美国战略情报局研究分析处的历史考察

Study on the American Intelligence Analysis Mode Under the"Langer Principles":Historical Investigation of the Research and Analysis Branch of the US Office of Strategic Services During World WarⅡ

[研究目的]二战美国战略情报局研究分析处“兰格体制”,是情报分析专业化进程的起点。对其开展历史考察,可以还原二战期间美国情报分析工作的真实面貌,深入了解20世纪美国情报实力崛起路径。[研究方法]该文使用分析归纳、对比和实证等研究方法,系统考察了“兰格体制”创建的社会历史条件、基本内容、本质特征与成果贡献。[研究结论]“兰格体制”下美国情报分析模式以社科学术标准和实证主义研究范式为参照,在保持情报分析客观中立性的基础上,进行集体合作、“跨学科”交叉融合式的研究,配套高效的管理和严密的监督,产生了情报分析模式转型和情报工作整体结构变化,美国情报分析工作由此得到极大发展。

[Research purpose]The“Langer Principles”adopted by the Research and Analysis Branch of the US Office of Strategic Services during World War II is the starting point of professionalized intelligence analysis.A historical review of the"Langer Principles"enables us to restore the truth of the war and thoroughly know the rising path of America’s intelligence in the 20thCentury.[Research methods]This study utilizing the methods of induction,comparison and empirical analysis,systematically studies the social and historical conditions,the basic contents,the essential characteristics and the contributions of the"Langer Principles".[Research conclusion]The analytical mode under the"Langer Principles",referring to the academic standards of social sciences and positivism paradigm,maintaining the objective neutrality of intelligence analysis,carrying out collective cooperation and"interdisciplinary"research and supported by efficient management and strict supervision,has brought about the transformation of the intelligence analysis mode and the overall intelligence structure.As a result,American intelligence analysis has been greatly developed.