推进应急管理体系与能力现代化中的消防安全:如何更有效能?

Promoting Fire Safety in the Modernization of Emergency Management System and Capacity:How to Be More Effective?

消防救援队伍转隶应急部后,作为国家应急管理体系的重要组成部分,消防安全效能水平将影响推进应急管理体系与能力现代化工作的整体建设。转型中的消防安全效能存在三种生成机制:一是“权责对等”的制度保障,通过组织的权责配置优化职能配置,保障消防安全效能长期稳定的生成;二是“多元供给”的治理结构,建立“立体高效”的消防安全治理体系,缓解编制体量和现有防火组织架构对消防安全效能生成的影响;三是“期望激励”的服务动机,扭转基层执法人员的“避责”逻辑为双向激励逻辑,为消防安全效能的生成提供长久动力。三种机制相互联系、彼此依赖,故搭建“制度—政策—行为”分析框架讨论机制对消防安全效能生成的整合效应,并通过南京消防的实践回应分析框架,探索三种生成机制对应的可能性路径。

After the fire rescue team transferred to the Ministry of Emergency Management,as an important part of the national emergency management system,the level of fire safety efficiency will affect the overall construction of the modernization of emergency management system and capacity.There are three generating mechanisms of fire safety effectiveness:the first is the institutional guarantee of equality of powers and responsibilities.Optimize the function allocation through organizational assignment of powers and responsibilities to guarantee the long-term and stable generation of fire safety performance.The second is the multiple supply governance structure.Establishing a three-dimensional and efficient fire safety governance system to alleviate the impact of the budgeted posts volume and the fire protection organization structure on the generation of fire safety effectiveness.The third is the service motivation of expectation incentive.Reversing the logic of evading responsibility of grass-roots law enforcement officers into a two-way incentive logic to provide long-term power for the generation of fire safety efficiency.These three mechanisms are interrelated and dependent on each other,so an analysis framework of"Institution-Policy-Behavior"is built to discuss the integration effect of the mechanisms on the generation of fire safety efficiency.Finally,this paper explores the possible paths corresponding to the three generating mechanisms through the case of Nanjing fire department to response the analysis framework.