面向碳中和的港口综合能源系统(一):典型系统结构与关键问题

Port Integrated Energy Systems Toward Carbon Neutrality(Part Ⅰ): Typical Topology and Key Problems

高度电气化的港口将形成“能源–交通”强耦合的港口综合能源系统,其管理是实现未来绿色交通的关键途径。为厘清港口综合能源系统的发展路径,探究港口综合能源发展在实现海洋交通“碳中和”目标过程中的关键作用,该文调研相关文献,分析代表性港口及港口能源系统发展历史,从典型功能分区、排放政策法规及当前排放类型等角度总结港口综合能源系统的典型结构,提出港口综合能源系统发展建设中的关键问题。结果表明,港口综合能源系统是港口电气化发展的必然趋势,亦为未来海-陆能源协同提供坚实平台,但“能源–交通”深度融合在为港口带来巨大节能减排潜力的同时,也将带来多能流融合、能源–交通融合建模、多利益主体管理等复杂问题等亟待解决的问题。

Fully electrified seaports form a special integrated energy system with inherent tight “transportationenergy” coupling, and its management is the key route to the future green transportation. To clarify the development directions and explore the key effect in achieving “carbon neutrality” goal of maritime transportation systems, this paper reviews the current relevant literature, and summarizes the typical topology of port integrated energy system by analyzing the development trend and several representatives with different zones, energy policies and emission types. Then, this paper proposes several key problems of port integrated energy system. The review shows that, port integrated energy system is the result of port electrification, which provides a solid platform for “offshore-onshore energy integration”. However, with great potential in energy saving and emission reduction, “transportation-energy” coupling will bring some problems needed to be addressed, such as multiple energy flow coordination, transportation-energy coordinated model, and multi-agent management.