计及飞行任务与能耗分析的航空燃料电池推进系统能量管理策略

Fuel Cell Electric Propulsion System Energy Management Strategy Based on Flight Mode and Energy Consumption Analysis

为改善航空燃料电池推进系统的燃料消耗情况并提升系统运行效率,该文提出一种考虑多飞行任务模式与外部最大能耗的综合能量管理方法。在优化常规极小值原理策略的基础上,针对飞行器飞行工况的变化率进行区间划分,改变系统目标函数系数。采用最大外部能耗算法求解超级电容的充放电电压与母线电压的偏差量来实时调整哈密顿函数中的协态变量。最后,通过求解目标函数来控制燃料电池系统的输出功率。基于实时仿真硬件在环测试平台的验证结果表明,所提算法相对于传统的等效氢耗和庞特里亚金最小值原理算法,分别将系统等效氢耗降低了4.6%和3.2%,将系统的平均运行效率提升了10.3%和5.5%,在减少燃料电池系统所承受的应力同时,提升了系统输出的稳定性。

To effectively reduce fuel consumption and improve operating efficiency of the aviation fuel cell propulsion system, this paper proposes a composite energy management method that considers the multi-mission flight mode and the maximum external energy consumption. Based on the optimization of the conventional minimum principal strategy, the interval of the load power change rate is divided to adjust the coefficient of the objective function. Furthermore, the maximum external energy consumption algorithm is implemented to solve the deviation between the supercapacitor charging or discharging voltage and the bus voltage to adjust the co-state variables in the Hamiltonian function in real time. Finally, the output power of the fuel cell system is controlled by solving the objective function. A hardware-in-the-loop experimental test platform is built to compare the superiority between the proposed EMS and traditional equivalent hydrogen consumption and Pontryagin minimum principle algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the system by 4.6% and 3.2%, and increase the average operating efficiency of the system by 10.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Besides, it can reduce the stress on the fuel cell system and improve the stability of the system.