龚自珍、魏源并称及其文学史意义

The Combination of Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan and Its Significance in Literary History

龚自珍与魏源,曾携手为中国近代的文学界与思想界开拓局面。早在道光朝初期,就已出现将二人并称的迹象,分别由李兆洛和刘逢禄提出。在这背后,是龚、魏二人与阳湖文派、常州学派之间的密切关联,具体表现在人际交往和学术品格上。基于魏源在道光朝后期与咸丰年间的一系列学术创获,在同治之后,龚、魏并称开始由以才名并举转向以才、学对举,龚自珍的才名得到进一步提升,魏源则转而凸显其学者身份。这淡化了魏源作为近代文学开创者的形象,还造成了龚自珍文学经典化进程中的“诗进文退”现象。与历史上众多文人并称现象相比,龚、魏并称自有其独特之处,在此背后,还蕴含着近代文学的某种时代隐喻。

Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan jointly opened up a new prospect for the literary and ideological circle in early modern China. As early as the initial stage of the Daoguang period, there was a sign that they were combined together, which was proposed by Li Zhaoluo and Liu Fenglu respectively. Behind this phenomenon, there was a close relationship between Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan and Yanghu School of literature and Changzhou School, which was embodied in three aspects: interpersonal communication,academic style and emphasis on young talents. Based on a series of academic achievements made by Wei Yuan in the late Daoguang period and the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the Tongzhi period,the combination of Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan began to shift from jointly focusing on talents and fame to relatively focusing on talents and knowledge. Gong Zizhen’s talents and fame were further promoted, while Wei Yuan’s identity as a scholar was prominent. This weakened Wei Yuan’s image as a pioneer of modern culture, and also caused the phenomenon of poetry advancing and essay retreating in the process of Gong Zizhen’ s literary canonization. Compared with those many combinations of writers in the history, the combination of Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan had its own unique features. Behind this phenomenon, there was also a metaphor of the times in modern literature.