北京市通州区麻疹流行特征和实验室诊断分析(2013-2021年)

Epidemiological characteristics and laboratory analysis of measles in Tongzhou District of Beijing,2013-2021

目的了解北京通州区2013—2021年麻疹病例流行病学特征和实验室诊断情况,为制定麻疹防控策略提供依据。方法通过麻疹监测系统收集2013—2021年麻疹病例信息,采用描述性分析方法分析病例的流行病学特征及实验室诊断情况。结果2013—2021年共报告371例麻疹病例,各年发病率分别为2.72/10万、9.94/10万、8.54/10万、6.39/10万、0.14/10万、0.33/10万、0.19/10万、0.06/10万和0。发病时间为3—5月者较多(69.00%,256/371);年龄(24.73±14.78)岁,以25~44岁为主(53.91%,200/371);职业以家务待业和离退人员(23.45%,87/371)、散居儿童(21.56%,80/371)、干部职员(21.29%,79/371)为主。男性发病率(3.96/10万)高于女性(2.57/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.72,P<0.001);外省户籍发病率(5.54/10万)高于本市户籍发病率(3.22/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=37.32,P<0.001);不同户籍的免疫史构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.37,P=0.015)。麻疹核酸阳性率(92.07%,325/353)高于IgM抗体阳性(57.14%,212/371),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.54,P=0.011)。结论通州区2013—2021年麻疹发病逐渐下降,麻疹病毒核酸阳性率较高。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and laboratory diagnosis of measles in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2013 to 2021,so as to provide scientific evidence for measles control.Methods The information of measles cases from surveillance system of measles during 2013 and 2021 was collected.Epidemiological characteristics and laboratory diagnosis of the cases were analyzed by descriptive analysis method.Results There were 371 measles cases reported from 2013 to 2021.The annual incidence rates were 2.72/100000,9.94/100000,8.54/100000,6.39/100000,0.14/100000,0.33/100000,0.19/100000,0.06/100000 and 0.Many cases were reported from March to May(69.00%,256/371).The age was(24.73±14.78)years,and most of cases were 25-44 years old(53.91%,200/371).The occupations were mainly unemployed and retired persons(23.45%,87/371),scattered children(21.56%,80/371),and official staff(21.29%,79/371).The incidence rate in males(3.96/100000)was higher than that in females(2.57/100000),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.72,P<0.001).The incidence rate in floating population(5.54/100000)was higher than that in local population(3.22/100000),and the differencewas statistically significant(χ^(2)=37.32,P<0.001).There was significant difference in the composition of immunization history between local population and floating population(χ^(2)=8.37,P=0.015).The positive rate of measles virus nucleic acid(92.07%,325/353)was higher than that of IgM antibody(57.14%,212/371),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.54,P=0.011).Conclusions The incidence of measles in Tongzhou District decresed from 2013 to 2021,and the positive rate of measles virus nucleic acid is high.