鼓励性产业政策调整与企业污染排放——基于污染治理与资源再配置效应分析

Adjustment of encouraging industrial policy and enterprises’ pollution emission: analysis based on pollution control behavior and resource reallocation effect

通过对比“十五”计划和“十一五”规划中的产业政策,确定了鼓励性产业政策的调整,基于2000—2009年中国工业企业数据库和中国工业企业污染排放数据库,考察了鼓励性产业政策调整对我国企业污染排放的影响及其微观机制。实证结果表明,鼓励性产业政策调整显著降低了被鼓励行业中企业污染排放强度,对环境污染的改善具有积极作用。机制分析表明:一方面,鼓励性产业政策调整通过减少传统能源使用和促进技术创新等前端控制的方式,降低了二氧化硫排放强度,同时通过增加废水治理设施和提高废水治理能力等末端处理的方式,降低了化学需氧量排放强度;另一方面,鼓励性产业政策调整通过促进高污染企业退出和低污染企业进入,实现了资源配置效应,从而降低了总体层面的企业污染排放强度。异质性检验显示,鼓励性产业政策调整对国有企业、技术密集型行业、高污染企业和规模较大企业具有明显的减排效应。此外,在进行倾向得分匹配、更换被解释变量等一系列稳健性检验后,结果仍然显著。研究结论对实现绿色发展、创造美丽中国具有重要的现实意义。

This paper compares the industrial policies in the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” and “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” to examine the adjustment of incentives in industrial policies. The database of Chinese industrial enterprises and pollution emissions from 2000 to 2009 is used to investigate the impact of the adjustment of the industrial incentive policies on Chinese enterprises’ pollution emissions and the micro mechanism for this impact. The empirical results show that the adjustment of incentives in industrial policy significantly reduces enterprises’ pollution emission intensity in the encouraged industries and has a positive effect on the improvement of environmental pollution. Mechanism analysis shows that, on the one hand, encouraging industrial policy adjustment can reduce the intensity of sulfur dioxide emission by reducing the use of traditional energy and improving technological innovation and other front-end controls. Encouraging industrial policy adjustment can also reduce the emission intensity of chemical oxygen demand by increasing wastewater treatment facilities and improving wastewater treatment capacity and other end-of-pipe treatment methods. On the other hand, such policy adjustment has resource allocation effects by promoting the exit of high-polluting enterprises and the entry of low-polluting enterprises, thus reducing the overall level of enterprise pollution emissions. Heterogeneity testing shows that encouraging industrial policy adjustment significantly reduces emissions of state-owned, technology-intensive, high-pollution, and large-scale enterprises. The paper also conducts a series of robustness tests, including propensity score matching and changing explained variables, and the results remain significant. The conclusion of this paper has important practical significance for realizing green development and creating a more beautiful China.