伊斯兰世界联盟与沙特阿拉伯关系论析

Assessing on the Relation Between the Muslim World League and Saudi Arabia

基于伊斯兰教与国家政权之间的制度性、结构性联系,国际伊斯兰非政府组织与资助国(本国)的关系十分紧密。伊斯兰世界联盟(伊盟)在资金、人事和意识形态等方面被沙特全面掌控,在战略、形象、行动等层面全方位为沙特政权服务,是沙特的利益维护者、形象塑造者、舆论引导者、行动参与者和职能承担者。伊盟与沙特的紧密关系给双方都带来了正负面双重影响。一方面,沙特的全方位支持使伊盟拥有雄厚的资源和实力,但这种全面掌控导致伊盟的非政府属性和独立性弱化,使其难以形成相对中立与公正的立场,带有明显的政治和宗教偏向,影响组织公信力,还造成伊盟的相对封闭性和保守性,导致其改革困难。另一方面,凭借非政府组织的身份优势,伊盟在为沙特开拓外交空间、减轻道义压力和提升国家软实力等方面发挥着特殊作用,但强烈的宗教属性、沙特偏向性及涉恐传闻给沙特国家形象带来困扰。未来,伊盟的发展取决于其能否处理好与沙特的关系,即在依托沙特资源的同时,增强自身主体性、自主性、中立性和公信力,处理好沙特政权与教权、宗教保守性与世俗现代化以及伊斯兰世界与西方世界的关系。

Based on the institutional and structural connection between Islam and state powers,international Islamic non-governmental organizations have a very close relationship with their sponsoring countries(home countries).The Muslim World League(MWL)is controlled by Saudi Arabia at all levels of capital,personnel,ideology,etc.It serves Saudi Arabia in an all-round way in terms of strategy,image and action.The MWL plays the role as an interest protector,image shaper,public opinion leader,action participant and functional undertaker of Saudi Arabia.The close relationship between the MWL and Saudi Arabia has brought positive and negative effects to both sides.On the one hand,the MWL has strong resources and strength with Saudi Arabia’s comprehensive support,but it’s non-governmental attributes and independence are weakened at the same time,which caused the fact that the MWL is unable to maintain a neutral position,and has an obvious political and religious biases.It reduces the credibility of the MWL,and makes the MWL relatively closed and conservative to some extent,which finally leads to the difficulty of its reform.On the other hand,relying on its status as a non-governmental organization,the MWL has played a special role in developing up diplomatic space,reducing moral pressure and enhancing national soft power.However,the strong religious attribute,Saudi Arabia’s bias and some rumors related to terrorism have brought troubles to the national image of Saudi Arabia.In the future,MWL’s development depends on its choice on how to handles its relationship with Saudi Arabia.On the basis of Saudi resources,it should strengthen its subjectivity,independence,neutrality,credibility,and deal with the relationship between its political power and clerical power,religious conservatism and secular modernization,the Islamic world and the Western world in detail.