乡村振兴战略下农村社会救助的目标定位与政策调适

The Orientation and Reformation of Rural Social Assistance Under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

绝对贫困消除后,在农村农业现代化发展的顶层设计上,开始了从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴的战略切换。社会救助制度为脱贫攻坚战的全面胜利提供了坚实的兜底保障,如今需要进一步明确社会救助的目标定位、存在的短板及改革方向,为推进乡村振兴和实现共同富裕奠定民生基础。在乡村振兴的视角下,当前农村社会救助应进行功能升级,从巩固保障生存基础、维护底线公平的基本目标转变到提高贫困群体的内生发展动力、促进城乡融合共治等新的目标定位。面对农村庞大的低收入人口,目前社会救助体系还存在救助标准低、救助覆盖面窄、救助方式单一等问题,在未来应把社会救助纳入乡村振兴战略统筹谋划,超越传统的理念和实践。在救助标准上拟定多维贫困指标,完善监测帮扶机制;在救助内容上优化分层分类格局,扩展救助覆盖面;在救助方式上增加服务型救助,满足多样化的救助需求。

After the elimination of absolute poverty, the top-level design of rural agricultural modernization began to switch from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization. The social assistance system provides a solid guarantee for the overall victory of the battle against poverty. Now we need to further clarify the system positioning, shortcomings and reform direction of rural social assistance, so as to make it play a more active role in rural revitalization. From the perspective of rural revitalization strategy, rural social assistance should consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, improve the endogenous development power of poor groups and promote the overall development of urban and rural areas, so as to better meet the objectives and requirements of rural revitalization. However, facing the huge low-income population in rural areas, rural social assistance still faces problems such as low assistance standards, narrow assistance coverage and single assistance methods. In the future development, the rural social assistance system needs to go beyond the concepts and practices of traditional social assistance. It is necessary to continuously realize the improvement of functions from survival guarantee to promotion of development, and reform in terms of aid standards, aid targets, and aid methods.