2021年新疆某奶牛养殖场疾病调研分析

Research and Analysis on Diseases of Cows in a Xinjiang Cattle Farm in 2021

为了解2021年新疆昌吉州某养殖场3 403头荷斯坦奶牛各科疾病的发病情况。采用访谈方法与文献调查法相结合向基层兽医人员询问奶牛头数、疾病种类、发病原因、发病数量等,查阅相关的病历记录并做跟踪调查,最后对数据进行分析处理。产科疾病发生最多占各疾病的42.74%,其次是外科疾病和内科疾病,分别占各疾病的31.73%和25.53%;在产科疾病中乳房炎和流产发病较多,分别占21.69%和6.84%;外科疾病主要有蹄病、蹄外伤、拉伤,分别占27.40%、2.02%和0.69%;内科疾病主要有腹泻、真胃变位、瘤胃积食,分别占22.43%、1.33%和0.34%。该养殖场上半年总发病数量较高,下半年总发病数量较低。调查结果表明,该牛场产科疾病发病最多,其次是外科疾病和内科疾病,尤其乳房炎、蹄病和腹泻占比最高;该牛场每月均有疾病发生,且上半年较下半年易发。建议该牛场提高饲养管理水平,减少奶牛疾病的发生。

In order to understand the incidence of various diseases of 3403 Holstein cows on a farm in Changji Prefecture in 2021.The interview method and literature survey method were combined to ask the grassroots veterinary staff about the number of cows,disease types,causes of disease,number of cases,etc.,while reviewing relevant medical records and doing followup investigation,and finally analyzing and processing the data.The occurrence of obstetric diseases accounted for 42.74% of all diseases,followed by surgical diseases and internal medicine diseases,accounting for 31.73% and 25.53% of all diseases,respectively.Among obstetric diseases,mastitis and abortion were more common,accounting for 21.69% and 6.84% respectively.Surgical diseases mainly included hoof disease,hoof trauma and strain,accounting for 27.40%,2.02% and 0.69% respectively.Internal medicine diseases mainly included diarrhea,true gastric dislocation and rumen effusion,accounting for 22.43%,1.33% and 0.34%,respectively.The total number of cases in the first half of the year was higher in the farm and lower in the second half of the year.The survey results showed that obstetric diseases on this farm had the highest incidence of obstetric diseases,followed by surgical diseases and internal medical diseases,especially mastitis,hoof disease and diarrhea accounted for the highest proportion.The farm has diseases every month and is more prone to the first half of the year than the second half.It is recommended that the farm improve its feeding management skills and reduce the incidence of cow diseases.