增长-发展理论的方法论再审视--基于恩格斯对马尔萨斯人口理论的前提批判

Re-examination of the Methodology of Growth-Development Theory: Based on Engels’ Premise Critique of Malthusian Theory of Population

关于马尔萨斯的人口理论,长久以来争议不断,但作为一种增长理论,其逻辑仍以理论前提的形态影响着当前观念场域中诸增长-发展理论。恩格斯在《国民经济学批判大纲》中用前提批判的方式揭示出马尔萨斯人口理论的理论前提:私有制-竞争。这为我们提示了以历史唯物主义视域,通过“思想史-理论-现实”结构审视当今增长-发展理论的方法。以当前增长-发展理论中人口结构之“老龄化问题”为例,通过对《国民经济学批判大纲》思想史梳理,为以唯物史观批判解读当前“老龄化问题”诸观念共有的理论前提提供方法论支撑,廓清“老龄化”的问题构造进程,寻找其问题化过程中行逻辑强制之实的具体理论前提,阐发从经验主义向历史唯物主义的方法论跃迁路径。

Malthusian theory of population has been controversial for a long time, but as a growth theory, its theoretical logic still influences some theories in the current conceptual field in a certain form of premise. In the Outline for the Critique of National Economics, Engels revealed that the theoretical premise of Malthusian theory of population was private ownership-competition in a way of premise critique. This suggests that we can examine the current growth-development theory through the structure of the history of thought, the theory and the reality from the perspective of historical materialism. Take the aging issue regarding the population structure in the growth-development theory as an example. This paper, based on the history of thought in the Outline for the Critique of National Economics, explains the methodological transition path from empiricism to historical materialism. This provides methodological support for the premise critique of various concepts in the current aging issue from the perspective of historical materialism. Moreover, it can help to clarify the problem process of aging, and find the mandatory theoretical premise in the problem process.