经典名方中半夏品种与道地性考证

Textual research on varieties and genuineness of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.in famous classical prescriptions

半夏种质资源混杂,虎掌、天南星等冒充或代替半夏,以假乱真现象严重,导致半夏质量不稳定,严重影响了药材的质量及临床疗效。基于此,为正本清源,对半夏品种和道地沿革进行本草考证,并结合现代用药及药物研究进行分析,明确其品种和道地产区的时代变迁。结果得出今用半夏为天南星科植物Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.的干燥根茎;半夏分布较广,宋朝时期山东齐州(今山东省济南市历城区)产为道地,晚清、民国后四川、湖北、河南等地产量增加,山东道地优势下降,四川道地优势上升;尽管魏晋以来药用半夏存在混淆种,但其主要种和道地产区与今用半夏基本一致,这一发现可为扩大药源和深入开发经典名方提供理论支持。

With mixed germplasm resources,Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.has been impersonated or replaced by Pinellia pedatisecta,Rhizoma Arisaematis,etc.The phenomenon of mixing the spurious with the genuine is qutie common,which leads to unstable quality of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breitit.and affects quality of the medicinal materials and clinical efficacy heavily.Based on this,aiming at correcting the source,this paper conducted research on the varieties of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit,combined with analysis of modern drug use and drug research,and made clear the changes of its varieties and the age change of genuine producing area of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.It was concluded that Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.’s dried rhizomes was used today and it was widely distributed.During the Song Dynasty,Qizhou of Shandong Province(Now Licheng District,Jinan City,Shandong Pro-vince)was a genuine producing area.After the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the production increased in Sichuan,Hubei,Henan and other places,while the genuineness advantage decreased in Shandong and increased in Sichuan.Although there were mixed species of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.since Wei and Jin Dynasties,the main species of it were basically the same as that of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.used today.This discovery can provide theoretical support for expanding the source of medicine and further developing of the classical prescriptions.