基于正面碰撞的Q3假人伤害防护研究

Study on the Injury Protection of Dummy Q3 based on Frontal Collision

《C-NCAP管理规则(2021年版)》已于2022年正式实施,规程中新增了针对正面碰撞中后排Q3儿童乘员保护的伤害评价指标,对车辆的正面碰撞保护性能提出了更高的要求。本文针对Q3儿童保护法规进行了对比分析,通过使用不同形式的儿童座椅进行测试,对比分析试验数据,验证不同形式儿童座椅对儿童伤害的影响,对正面碰撞试验中的儿童保护具有借鉴意义。对比试验可以得到以下结论:第一,假人头、颈部伤害主要是头部惯性前甩造成的,相较于正向儿童座椅,后向儿童座椅可以更好地约束儿童头部,降低头、颈部伤害;第二,相较于ISOFIX式后向儿童座椅与车辆间的刚性连接,安全带通用式后向儿童座椅因为安全带的预紧作用,可以有效分散碰撞过程中的能量传递,减小儿童座椅旋转角度,降低整体伤害;第三,在儿童座椅靠背内增加弹性材料作为吸能模块,可以分散缓冲传递至假人胸部的能量,降低胸部伤害。

The C-NCAP Management Regulation(2021 edition)has officially come into effect in 2022.The procedures contain a newly-added injury evaluation index aimed at the protection of the Q3 child occupant in the rear row in a frontal collision,and put forward higher requirements for the vehicle’s protection performance in a frontal collision.The paper conducted a contrastive analysis of the Q3 child protection laws and regulations.And different forms of child seats were tested to analyze the test data contrastively,and to verify the impact of different forms of child seats on child injury,which is of referential value for child protection in a frontal crash test.Through comparative experiments,conclusions are made as follows.First,damages to the head and neck of the dummy are mainly caused by inertial forward-tossing of the head.Compared to a forward-facing child seat,a rear-facing child seat can better restrain the head of the child,and reduce damage to the head and neck.Second,compared to the rigid connection between ISOFIX rear-facing child seat and the vehicle,the rear-facing child seat is versatile with a seat belt,thanks to the pre-tightening effect of the seat belt,can effectively disperse energy transfer during the collision,decrease the rotation angle of the child seat,and thus reduce overall damage.Third,adding elastic material as the energy-absorbing module at the seatback can disperse and buffer energy transferred to the chest of the dummy,so as to reduce damage to the chest.