冷暴露环境下皮肤血管舒张反应的研究进展

Research progress in skin vasodilation under cold exposure environments

当机体暴露在冷环境时,为保存热量,会诱导交感神经介导的外周血管初始收缩,导致外周血流量减少,使皮肤温度降低。但有趣的是,通常在冷暴露后5~10 min,会出现周围皮肤血流量和温度增加的现象,这种现象称为冷诱导血管扩张(CIVD)。CIVD被认为是防止局部冷损伤发生的重要保护机制。目前对其研究已有近一个世纪,但由于研究方法的差异,将CIVD文献整合到一个连贯的总体框架中一直受到阻碍。特别是在测量CIVD时,对于手浸泡的水温、部位、深度、时间、环境温度及个体因素等缺乏标准化,使得对CIVD的研究结论存在一定差异,严重影响了CIVD机制的确定。该文对可能引起CIVD的机制和研究中的方法学等问题进行了归纳总结,旨在系统性量化CIVD的参数及影响因素,减少受试者之间和受试者内的变异性,改善CIVD的重复性,为CIVD进一步研究提供参考依据。

When the body is exposed to a cold environment,it will induce the initial contraction of the peripheral blood vessels mediated by the sympathetic nerves,in order to preserve the heat resulting in a decrease in peripheral blood flow and lowering the skin temperature.But what is interesting is that usually 5-10 minutes after cold exposure,the surrounding skin blood flow and temperature will increase,which is known as induced vasodilatation response(CIVD).CIVD is considered to be an important protective mechanism to prevent local cold injury.So far,it has been studied for nearly a century,but due to differences in research methods,the integration of CIVD literature into a coherent overall framework has been slow.During measurement of CIVD,the lack of standardization for the water temperature,location,depth,time,environmental temperature and individual factors of hand immersion make differences to the research conclusions of CIVD,which makes difficult the determination of the CIVD mechanism.This article summarizes the causes of CIVD and the methodology in research in order to quantify the parameters and influencing factors of CIVD,and reduce variability between and within subjects,improve the repeatability of CIVD,and provide reference for further research on CIVD.